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38,696 grants matching “als”
Dysfunctional Astroglial Exosome to (motor) Neuron Axon Signaling in ALS
$410,414Yongjie Yang · Tufts University Boston · R01 · FY2024 · NS
Cellular, kinetic, and structural mechanisms of toxicity in light chain amyloidosis
$410,391Marina Ramirez-Alvarado · Mayo Clinic Rochester · R01 · FY2019 · GM
A New E3 Ligase Implicated in Protein Quality Control and Neurodegeneration
$410,387Claudio A.p. Joazeiro · Scripps Research Institute, The · R01 · FY2014 · NS
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
$410,368Bay Area Environmental Research Institute · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Nortriptyline-mediated attenuation of alpha-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease
$410,256Timothy J. Collier · Michigan State University · R01 · FY2018 · NS
Role of mPar6 Polarity in CNS Neuronal Migration
$410,248Mary Elizabeth Hatten · Rockefeller University · R01 · FY2007 · NS
Role of mPAR6 Polarity CNS Neuronal Migration
$410,248Mary Elizabeth Hatten · Rockefeller University · R01 · FY2009 · NS
Role of mPAR6 Polarity CNS Neuronal Migration
$410,248Mary Elizabeth Hatten · Rockefeller University · R01 · FY2008 · NS
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Transcription and Splicing by Two Photon 3D Orbital Tracking
$410,174Matthew Lee Ferguson · Boise State University · R15 · FY2017 · GM
STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SURFACE ALBEDO AT LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES LUNAR SWIRLS ARE HIGH ALBEDO AND OPTICALLY IMMATURE CURVILINEAR SURFACE FEATURES THAT ARE FOUND IN DISCRETE LOCATIONS ACROSS THE MOON'S SURFACE AND ARE TYPICALLY CO-LOCATED WITH REGIONS OF HIGH CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION. AFTER MANY THEORIES WERE INITIALLY PROPOSED THREE MAIN THEORIES CURRENTLY EXIST REGARDING THEIR ORIGIN 1) THEY WERE CREATED BY AN IMPACT OF A COMET SWARM [C.F. SCHULTZ AND SRNKA 1980] 2) THE SURFACE HAS BEEN PROTECTED FROM WEATHERING BY THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES [C.F. HOOD AND SCHUBERT 1980] AND 3) ELECTRIC FIELDS CREATED NEAR THE ANOMALIES LEAD TO THE COLLECTION OF CHARGED DUST PARTICLES [C.F. GARRICK-BETHELL 2009B]. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL STUDY THE FEASIBILITY OF THE LAST TWO OF THESE COMPETING MODELS FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE LUNAR SWIRLS. SPECIFICALLY IT WILL STUDY HOW EFFECTIVE THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES CAN BE IN DEFLECTING INCIDENT IONS AND ELECTRONS THROUGH THE USE OF 3D PARTICLE TRACKING AND MODELS OF THE ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC FIELD. THE SAME TECHNIQUES WILL BE USED TO STUDY HOW THE TRANSPORT OF CHARGED DUST MAY BE MODIFIED BY THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD AT THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES.THE SPECTRAL CHANGES IN LUNAR SURFACE MATERIALS OVER TIME ARE DUE TO THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF GLASS (AGGLUTINATION AND VAPOR DEPOSITION) AND METALLIC IRON (REDUCTION OF FE2+ TO FE0 BY SOLAR WIND IONS) [E.G. HAPKE ET AL. 2001] ANDARE SUFFICIENTLY UNIQUE TO DISTINGUISH SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF THESE SPACE WEATHERING PRODUCTS SUCH AS GLASS THICKNESS AND COMPOSITION AND METALLIC IRON PARTICLE SIZE FROM EACH OTHER AND FROM THE FRESH SURFACE MATERIAL SPECTRUM [E.G. NOBLE ET AL. 2007]. OF THE TWO DOMINANT AGENTS OF SPACE WEATHERING MICROMETEORITES AND SOLAR WIND IONS ONLY THE LATTER CAN BE INFLUENCED BY A MAGNETIC FIELD. THEREFORE ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIALS IN AND AROUND THE SWIRL REGIONS USING SPECTRAL IMAGING DATA FROM THE MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER CAN BE USED TO VALIDATE THE PARTICLE TRACKING MODEL RESULTS. THE SYNTHESIS OF PARTICLE TRACKING STUDIES AND REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS WILL ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING BASIC SCIENCE QUESTIONS: HOW EFFECTIVE ARE PARTICULAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN DEFLECTING BOTH LIGHT AND HEAVY IONS FOR A RANGE OF INCIDENT ENERGIES TYPICAL OF THE BULK PLASMA?HOW HAS THE EFFECTIVENESS IN DEFLECTING SOLAR WIND PARTICLES CHANGED AS THE SUN HAS EVOLVED IN TIME? IF REGIONS/CONDITIONS EXIST IN WHICH ONLY ELECTRONS ARE DEFLECTED HOW WOULD CHARGED DUST MOVE IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH AN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD? DOES THE SURFACE SPECTRA AT AND AROUND ALL SWIRLS REFLECT THE SEPARATION OF CHARGED SPECIES? THE PROPOSED WORK DIRECTLY SUPPORTS NASA'S ROAD MAP FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES 2005-2035 WHICH IS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT WILL BE EXPERIENCED BY HUMAN EXPLORERS . THIS RESEARCH SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES NASA STRATEGIC GOAL 3B BY DEVELOPING AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE MOON IS MODIFIED LOCALLY BY THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND QUANTIFYING HOW THE MODIFICATION CHANGES WITH INCIDENT PLASMA CONDITIONS. THE WORK ALSO ADDRESSES NASA STRATEGIC GOAL 3C AND PLANETARY SCIENCE RESEARCH/SCIENCE OBJECTIVE 1 BY DEVELOPING A MODEL THAT WILL ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SURFACES ON THE MOON HAVE EVOLVED WITH THE CHANGING SUN. PORTIONS OF THE WORK ALSO ADDRESS SCIENCE GOAL 8B FROM THE NRC SCEM REPORT TO DETERMINE THE SIZE CHARGE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTROSTATICALLY TRANSPORTED DUST GRAINS AND ASSESS THEIR LIKELY EFFECTS ON LUNAR EXPLORATION AND LUNAR-BASED ASTRONOMY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS ALIGNED WITH FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE GOALS OF THE LASER PROGRAM BY CONDUCTING A GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LUNAR SURFACE/REGOLITH AND STUDYING POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTALPROCESSES OF THE LUNAR REGOLITH.
$410,091University Of Washington · · FY2014 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Eltrombopag for bone marrow failure
$410,089Cynthia E Dunbar · National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute · ZIA · FY2019 · HL
MODELING TREATMENT USE &EFFECTIVENESS IN MENTAL ILLNESS
$410,062Harvard University (Medical School) · R01 · FY2002 · MH
CRCNS: Multiple Time Scale Memory Consolidation in Neural Networks
$410,002Alex D Reyes · New York University · R01 · FY2021 · MH
Reverse Translation of Psychosis - associated Hippocampal Hyperactivity in the mouse
$410,000Carol A. Tamminga · Ut Southwestern Medical Center · R01 · FY2021 · MH
Reverse Translation of Psychosis - associated Hippocampal Hyperactivity in the mouse
$410,000Carol A. Tamminga · Ut Southwestern Medical Center · R01 · FY2024 · MH
The neural and behavioral causes underlying differences between visual perception and memory
$410,000Wilma A. Bainbridge · University Of Chicago · R01 · FY2025 · EY
Reverse Translation of Psychosis - associated Hippocampal Hyperactivity in the mouse
$410,000Carol A. Tamminga · Ut Southwestern Medical Center · R01 · FY2022 · MH
Reverse Translation of Psychosis - associated Hippocampal Hyperactivity in the mouse
$410,000Carol A. Tamminga · Ut Southwestern Medical Center · R01 · FY2023 · MH
Reverse Translation of Psychosis - associated Hippocampal Hyperactivity in the mouse
$410,000Carol A. Tamminga · Ut Southwestern Medical Center · R01 · FY2025 · MH
Investigation of Self-Nucleic Acids as a Trigger for Neuroinflammation
$409,988Hachung Chung · Columbia University Health Sciences · R01 · FY2025 · NS
Investigation of Self-Nucleic Acids as a Trigger for Neuroinflammation
$409,988Hachung Chung · Columbia University Health Sciences · R01 · FY2023 · NS
Bringing positive and negative events to mind: Effects of age on emotional memory retrieval
$409,985Elizabeth Ann Kensinger · Boston College · R01 · FY2022 · AG
METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS IN NEURODEGENERATION
$409,877Massachusetts General Hospital · R37 · FY2001 · AG
Predoctoral and postdoctoral training program in aging and dementia
$409,859John F Disterhoft · Northwestern University At Chicago · T32 · FY2012 · AG
CAREER: Microstructure Evolution and Interfacial Reaction Paths in Cu Alloy Thin Films
$409,810Ganpati Ramanath · Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute · · FY2000 · MPS