STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SURFACE ALBEDO AT LUNAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES LUNAR SWIRLS ARE HIGH ALBEDO AND OPTICALLY IMMATURE CURVILINEAR SURFACE FEATURES THAT ARE FOUND IN DISCRETE LOCATIONS ACROSS THE MOON'S SURFACE AND ARE TYPICALLY CO-LOCATED WITH REGIONS OF HIGH CRUSTAL MAGNETIZATION. AFTER MANY THEORIES WERE INITIALLY PROPOSED THREE MAIN THEORIES CURRENTLY EXIST REGARDING THEIR ORIGIN 1) THEY WERE CREATED BY AN IMPACT OF A COMET SWARM [C.F. SCHULTZ AND SRNKA 1980] 2) THE SURFACE HAS BEEN PROTECTED FROM WEATHERING BY THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES [C.F. HOOD AND SCHUBERT 1980] AND 3) ELECTRIC FIELDS CREATED NEAR THE ANOMALIES LEAD TO THE COLLECTION OF CHARGED DUST PARTICLES [C.F. GARRICK-BETHELL 2009B]. THE PROPOSED WORK WILL STUDY THE FEASIBILITY OF THE LAST TWO OF THESE COMPETING MODELS FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE LUNAR SWIRLS. SPECIFICALLY IT WILL STUDY HOW EFFECTIVE THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES CAN BE IN DEFLECTING INCIDENT IONS AND ELECTRONS THROUGH THE USE OF 3D PARTICLE TRACKING AND MODELS OF THE ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC FIELD. THE SAME TECHNIQUES WILL BE USED TO STUDY HOW THE TRANSPORT OF CHARGED DUST MAY BE MODIFIED BY THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD AT THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES.THE SPECTRAL CHANGES IN LUNAR SURFACE MATERIALS OVER TIME ARE DUE TO THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF GLASS (AGGLUTINATION AND VAPOR DEPOSITION) AND METALLIC IRON (REDUCTION OF FE2+ TO FE0 BY SOLAR WIND IONS) [E.G. HAPKE ET AL. 2001] ANDARE SUFFICIENTLY UNIQUE TO DISTINGUISH SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF THESE SPACE WEATHERING PRODUCTS SUCH AS GLASS THICKNESS AND COMPOSITION AND METALLIC IRON PARTICLE SIZE FROM EACH OTHER AND FROM THE FRESH SURFACE MATERIAL SPECTRUM [E.G. NOBLE ET AL. 2007]. OF THE TWO DOMINANT AGENTS OF SPACE WEATHERING MICROMETEORITES AND SOLAR WIND IONS ONLY THE LATTER CAN BE INFLUENCED BY A MAGNETIC FIELD. THEREFORE ANALYSIS OF THE MATERIALS IN AND AROUND THE SWIRL REGIONS USING SPECTRAL IMAGING DATA FROM THE MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER CAN BE USED TO VALIDATE THE PARTICLE TRACKING MODEL RESULTS. THE SYNTHESIS OF PARTICLE TRACKING STUDIES AND REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS WILL ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING BASIC SCIENCE QUESTIONS: HOW EFFECTIVE ARE PARTICULAR MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN DEFLECTING BOTH LIGHT AND HEAVY IONS FOR A RANGE OF INCIDENT ENERGIES TYPICAL OF THE BULK PLASMA?HOW HAS THE EFFECTIVENESS IN DEFLECTING SOLAR WIND PARTICLES CHANGED AS THE SUN HAS EVOLVED IN TIME? IF REGIONS/CONDITIONS EXIST IN WHICH ONLY ELECTRONS ARE DEFLECTED HOW WOULD CHARGED DUST MOVE IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH AN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD? DOES THE SURFACE SPECTRA AT AND AROUND ALL SWIRLS REFLECT THE SEPARATION OF CHARGED SPECIES? THE PROPOSED WORK DIRECTLY SUPPORTS NASA'S ROAD MAP FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES 2005-2035 WHICH IS TO UNDERSTAND THE SUN AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE SPACE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THAT WILL BE EXPERIENCED BY HUMAN EXPLORERS . THIS RESEARCH SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES NASA STRATEGIC GOAL 3B BY DEVELOPING AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT AROUND THE MOON IS MODIFIED LOCALLY BY THE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES AND QUANTIFYING HOW THE MODIFICATION CHANGES WITH INCIDENT PLASMA CONDITIONS. THE WORK ALSO ADDRESSES NASA STRATEGIC GOAL 3C AND PLANETARY SCIENCE RESEARCH/SCIENCE OBJECTIVE 1 BY DEVELOPING A MODEL THAT WILL ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SURFACES ON THE MOON HAVE EVOLVED WITH THE CHANGING SUN. PORTIONS OF THE WORK ALSO ADDRESS SCIENCE GOAL 8B FROM THE NRC SCEM REPORT TO DETERMINE THE SIZE CHARGE AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTROSTATICALLY TRANSPORTED DUST GRAINS AND ASSESS THEIR LIKELY EFFECTS ON LUNAR EXPLORATION AND LUNAR-BASED ASTRONOMY. THE PROPOSED WORK IS ALIGNED WITH FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE GOALS OF THE LASER PROGRAM BY CONDUCTING A GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LUNAR SURFACE/REGOLITH AND STUDYING POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTALPROCESSES OF THE LUNAR REGOLITH.
$410,091FY2014National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Washington, Seattle WA