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38,696 grants matching “als”
Calorie restriction and aging
$555,630Rafael De Cabo · National Institute On Aging · ZIA · FY2015 · AG
Alcohol Effects on Cognitive & Affective Mediation of Women's Decision Making
$555,619Jeanette Norris · University Of Washington · R01 · FY2011 · AA
Genetic circuitry governing heart growth and repair
$555,533Guo Huang · University Of California, San Francisco · R01 · FY2023 · HL
Genetic circuitry governing heart growth and repair
$555,533Guo Huang · University Of California, San Francisco · R01 · FY2025 · HL
3-Dimensional modeling of basal cell function in pseudostratified epithelia
$555,442Sylvie Breton · Massachusetts General Hospital · R01 · FY2010 · DK
Eltrombopag for bone marrow failure and Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
$555,386Cynthia E Dunbar · National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute · ZIA · FY2021 · HL
Determination of Heterogeneous Photochemistry Related to Atmospheric Reactive Nitrogen Species
$555,303Lei Zhu · Health Research Incorporated/New York State Department Of Health · · FY2010 · GEO
Distinct roles of chromatin regulation in transcriptome and genome maintenance in corticogenesis
$555,252Kenneth Yu-Chung Kwan · University Of Michigan At Ann Arbor · R01 · FY2025 · MH
Homologous recombination deficiency and beyond in pancreatic cancer: evaluating the regulators of response to pembrolizumab and olaparib (POLAR) from the immune and genomic perspectives
$555,175Eileen Mary O'Reilly · Sloan-Kettering Inst Can Research · P50 · FY2022 · CA
The role of regulation and subcellular localization of GTP biosynthesis in melanoma invasion and metastasis
$555,172Mikhail Nikiforov · Duke University · R01 · FY2023 · CA
Improved Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapies B-cell Malignancies
$555,064James Kochenderfer · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2025 · CA
EFFECTS OF HEALTH LITERACY ON HEALTH DISPARITIES IN HIV CLINICAL OUTCOMES
$555,009Drenna Waldrop-Valverde · Emory University · R01 · FY2013 · MH
SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS ARE UBIQUITOUS IN SPACE AND ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS. THEY ARE AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT PHYSICAL PHENOMENON: THEY DISSIPATE KINETIC ENERGY INTO HEAT PRODUCE ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND GENERATE MAGNETIC TURBULENCE. ASTROPHYSICAL SHOCKS ARE ALSO PROMINENT SOURCES OF HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS AND PRODUCE NON-THERMAL EMISSION SPANNING FROM RADIO TO GAMMA-RAY BANDS. IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS OF NON-THERMAL PARTICLES ASSOCIATED WITH HELIOSPHERIC SHOCKS PROVIDE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO INVESTIGATE THE PROCESSES THAT LEAD TO PARTICLE ENERGIZATION ALONG WITH THE UNDERLYING ELECTROMAGNETIC STRUCTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS. SUCH A STRUCTURE ARISES FROM THE NON-LINEAR INTERPLAY BETWEEN PARTICLES (BOTH THERMAL AND ACCELERATED) AND MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS WHICH CAN ONLY BE PROPERLY MODELED VIA KINETIC PLASMA SIMULATIONS. EXAMPLES OF THE QUESTIONS WE WILL ADDRESS ARE: 1) HOW DO SHOCKS GENERATE THE DISTRIBUTIONS OF ENERGETIC IONS AND ELECTRONS THEY ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH? 2) HOW ARE UPSTREAM SHOCKLETS AND SHORT LARGE-AMPLITUDE MAGNETIC STRUCTURES (SLAMS) FORMED? HOW ARE IONS AND ELECTRONS ACCELERATED IN SUCH FORESHOCK DISTURBANCES? CAN STANDARD ACCELERATION MECHANISMS ACCOUNT FOR THE RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES RECENTLY DETECTED IN SUCH ENVIRONMENTS (WILSON ET AL. PRL 2016)? 3) HOW DO NON-MAXWELLIAN TAILS IMPACT THE MACRO- AND MICROSCOPIC SHOCK DYNAMICS? 4) HOW DOES THE ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS AND IONS DEPEND UPON THE SHOCK PARAMETERS (E.G. SHOCK SONIC AND MAGNETOSONIC MACH NUMBERS ANGLE BETWEEN SHOCK NORMAL AND BACKGROUND MAGNETIC FIELD)? 5) WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PRE-EXISTING ENERGETIC PARTICLES AND DENSITY/MAGNETIC FIELD FLUCTUATIONS? THE PROPOSED WORK WILL SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE OUR PRESENT UNDERSTANDING OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT IN THE HELIOSPHERE AND IN PARTICULAR AT THE TERRESTRIAL BOW SHOCK AND AT INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS NEAR 1 AU. WE WILL CONSTRUCT A QUANTITATIVE AND UNIFIED PICTURE OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCK DYNAMICS INCLUDING NON-THERMAL ELECTRONS PROTONS ALPHA PARTICLES AND HEAVIER IONS. OUR WORK WILL SIGNIFICANTLY ENHANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE GENERATION MECHANISMS WHICH IS CRITICAL TO SPACE SYSTEM DESIGNERS AND OPERATORS. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY WE PROPOSE TO EXPLOIT THE HIGH TIME ENERGY AND ANGULAR RESOLUTION OF THE WIND THEMIS AND MMS SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENT SUITES IN ORDER TO CHARACTERIZE THE POPULATIONS OF ACCELERATED PARTICLES AT HELIOSPHERIC SHOCKS AS A FUNCTION OF SHOCK AND PLASMA PARAMETERS AND COMPARE SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS WITH SYNTHETIC PARTICLE SPECTRA OBTAINED VIA STATE-OF-THE-ART KINETIC SIMULATIONS. WE WILL USE BOTH FULL PARTICLE-IN-CELLS (PIC) AND HYBRID SIMULATIONS (FLUID ELECTRONS/KINETIC PROTONS) TO STUDY PARTICLE THERMALIZATION INJECTION TRANSPORT AND ACCELERATION WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE FORMATION OF FORESHOCK DISTURBANCES AND FOR PARTICLE ENERGIZATION IN SLAMS FORESHOCK BUBBLES AND HOT-FLOW ANOMALIES.HYBRID SIMULATIONS ALLOW FOR A FULL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ION DYNAMICS AND ON MODERN SUPERCOMPUTERS CAN COVER SCALES COMPARABLE WITH THE EARTH S BOW SHOCK. THEY CAN HANDLE MULTIPLE ION SPECIES SO THAT WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE THERMALIZATION AND ENERGIZATION OF PROTONS ALPHA PARTICLES AND HEAVIER IONS WITH ARBITRARY MASS/CHARGE RATIO. PIC SIMULATIONS CAN ALSO ACCOUNT FOR ELECTRON ACCELERATION AND WILL BE CRUCIAL ESPECIALLY FOR INVESTIGATING THE RECENT DISCOVERY OF TRANSRELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN FORESHOCK DISTURBANCES. PI CAPRIOLI IS AN EXPERT OF KINETIC SIMULATIONS OF NON-RELATIVISTIC SHOCKS AND WILL PERFORM THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PARAMETER SPACE RELEVANT FOR HELIOSPHERIC SHOCKS. CO-I WILSON IS THE WIND SPACECRAFT PROJECT SCIENTIST HAS SIGNIFICANT EXPERTISE IN WORKING WITH THE WIND AND THEMIS SPACECRAFT AND WILL BE IN CHARGE OF SELECTING AND ANALYZING SPACECRAFT DATA TO BE COMPARED WITH SIMULATION OUTPUTS.
$555,000University Of Chicago · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATIONS OF CHONDRULE FORMATION BY RADIATIVE HEATING OF HOT PLANETESIMALSCHONDRULES ARE MM-SIZED SPHERES OF IGNEOUS ROCK THAT ARE ABUNDANT IN PRIMITIVE METEORITES. THEY HAVE BEEN THE SUBJECT OF INNUMERABLE STUDIES OVER THE DECADES BECAUSE OF THEIR PROMISE TO REVEAL MUCH ABOUT CONDITIONS IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM THAT WILL GUIDE PLANET FORMATION THEORIES. INSTEAD OF GUIDING THEORY HOWEVER THEY HAVE TENDED TO PLAGUE IT BECAUSE THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THEIR FORMATION IN PARTICULAR THE SOURCE OF THE REQUIRED HEAT REMAINS UNKNOWN. BEFORE WE CAN CLAIM TO UNDERSTAND THE FORMATION OF PLANETS INCLUDING OUR OWN WE MUST ACCOUNT FOR THE EXISTENCE AND PROPERTIES OF CHONDRULES. UNTIL THEIR MESSAGE IS FULLY DECODED IT CANNOT BE INTEGRATED INTO A COHERENT MODEL OF HOW PLANETS EMERGED FROM THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK. OBJECTIVES: WE PROPOSE TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF CHONDRULE FORMATION BY CRITICALLY TESTING A NEW HYPOTHESIS (THAT WE HAVE RECENTLY PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL ICARUS) THAT CAN EXPLAIN ALL THEIR KNOWN FEATURES. THE IDEA IS TO HEAT THE CHONDRULES IN A SETTLED DUST-RICH SUB-LAYER OF THE PROTOSOLAR NEBULA BY RADIATION FROM EMBEDDED HOT PLANETESIMALS. THE PRIMARY HEAT SOURCE IS 26-AL WHICH MUST BE INCUBATED FOR TIMES OF ABOUT 1 MYR IN MODERATE-SIZED PLANETESIMALS BEFORE IT IS RELEASED AS RADIANT ENERGY FROM INCANDESCENT LAVA AT THEIR SURFACES. WE HAVE SHOWN THAT A MODEL LIKE THIS NATURALLY ACCOUNTS FOR THE OBSERVED TEMPERATURE RANGE AND COOLING CURVES OF THE CHONDRULES AND FOR THE TIME DELAY FROM CAI FORMATION AND THE TIME FRAME OF THE EVENTS. IMPORTANTLY IT MAKES STRONG TESTABLE PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE HEATING AND COOLING RATES OF CHONDRULES AND PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING OTHER ASPECTS OF THEIR NATURE SUCH AS COMPLEMENTARITY MULTIPLE HEATING EVENTS IGNEOUS RIMS AND THEIR FORMATION IN RELATIVELY HIGH DENSITY BUT H-POOR ENVIRONMENTS. WE WILL HIRE A POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER TO CONDUCT EXPERIMENTS TO SEE IF WE CAN REPRODUCE CHONDRULE TEXTURES FROM REASONABLE STARTING MATERIALS UNDER THE THERMAL CONDITIONS OF OUR MODEL. WE WILL CONDUCT 1 ATM EXPERIMENTS ON CHONDRULE ANALOG COMPOSITIONS TO SIMULATE THE TEMPERATURE CURVES THAT OUR MODEL PREDICTS. WE WILL MAKE CHONDRULE ANALOG COMPOSITIONS FROM CHARACTERIZED KNOWN MINERALS FOLLOWING ESTABLISHED METHODOLOGY. THE EXPERIMENTS WILL BE CONDUCTED IN A DELTECH 1 ATM VERTICAL TUBE FURNACE CAPABLE OF 1725 C PEAK TEMPERATURE EQUIPPED WITH A EUROTHERM 9404 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER THAT ALLOWS 16 PROGRAMMABLE HEATING AND COOLING SEGMENTS THAT CAN GO AS LOW AS 0.1 C/MIN. THIS WILL ALLOW US TO ACCESS MUCH OF RELEVANT TEMPERATURE AND TIME SPACE TO SIMULATE BOTH FEO-RICH AND FEO-POOR CHONDRULES. CHONDRULE ANALOG MATERIALS WILL BE SIZE-SORTED WEIGHED PRECISELY AND LOADED INTO HIGH-PURITY IRON CAPSULES FOR FEO-POOR CHONDRULE EXPERIMENTS. WE WILL BE TRYING TO REPRODUCE THE DOMINANT CHONDRULE TYPES PORPHYRITIC CHONDRULES. WE WILL ALSO BE ATTEMPTING TO DETERMINE LOSS OR GAIN OF SODIUM DURING THE HEATING AND COOLING STEPS OF THE EXPERIMENTS (A SECONDARY CONSIDERATION TO THE TEXTURES). RELEVANCE TO NASA AND NASA-ROSES2016-EMERGING WORLDS: THE RESEARCH PROPOSED HERE IS HIGHLY RELEVANT TO NASA S STRATEGIC GOALS. WE ARE ATTEMPTING TO SHED LIGHT ON AND PERHAPS SOLVE ONE OF THE UNEXPLAINED MYSTERIES OF COSMOCHEMISTRY NAMELY HOW DID THE CHONDRULES FORM? THE SYMMETRICAL HIGHLY CONSTRAINED HEATING AND COOLING CURVES THAT OUR MODEL PREDICTS FOR CHONDRULE FORMATION CAN READILY BE TESTED IN THE LABORATORY. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO UNDERSTAND CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF GAS DUST AND ICE AS WELL AS THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANCIENT MATERIALS AND IS RELEVANT TO PROTOPLANETARY DISK FORMATION AND EVOLUTION.
$555,000Wesleyan University · · FY2017 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Molecular Epidemiology and Natural History of SIVcpz
$554,972Beatrice H Hahn · University Of Alabama At Birmingham · R01 · FY2007 · AI
Project 2
$554,965Michael Benatar · University Of Miami School Of Medicine · U54 · FY2015 · NS
Therapeutic Protein Engineering of Single-Chain Insulin Analogs
$554,879Michael Aaron Weiss · Indiana University Indianapolis · R01 · FY2018 · DK
Targeting Hedonic Dysregulation to Address Chronic Pain and Opioid Misuse in Primary Care.
$554,878Eric Lee Garland · University Of Utah · R01 · FY2018 · DA
Targeting Hedonic Dysregulation to Address Chronic Pain and Opioid Misuse in Primary Care.
$554,878Eric Lee Garland · University Of Utah · R01 · FY2019 · DA
Functional Consequences of Aberrant Pruning on Circuits and Behavior
$554,868Beth Ann Stevens · Boston Children'S Hospital · P50 · FY2020 · MH
Functional Consequences of Aberrant Pruning on Circuits and Behavior
$554,868Beth Ann Stevens · Boston Children'S Hospital · P50 · FY2019 · MH
HIV Infection in Humanized Mice
$554,798Kim Hasenkrug · National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases · ZIA · FY2017 · AI
Immunology And Pathology Of Acute and Chronic Murine Leukemia Virus Infections
$554,798Kim Hasenkrug · National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases · ZIA · FY2017 · AI
Molecular Epidemiology and Natural History of SIVcpz
$554,785Beatrice H Hahn · University Of Alabama At Birmingham · R01 · FY2006 · AI
CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder Delivered by School Counselors
$554,763Carrie L Masia · New York University School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2013 · MH