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38,696 grants matching “als”
Environmental Impacts of Caribbean Plateau Volcanism: Timing and Composition of Magmatic Activity Related to Ocean Anoxic Event 2
$293,716Robert A Duncan · Oregon State University · · FY2010 · GEO
Nitric Oxide Signaling in a Model Olfactory System
$293,714Alan J Nighorn · University Of Arizona · R01 · FY2006 · DC
WEAK GRAVITATIONAL LENSING (WL) IS ONE OF THE CORE PROBES TO STUDY MULTIPLE HIGH-PROFILE NASA SCIENCE GOALS IN PARTICULAR THE ORIGIN AND COMPOSITION OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE PROCESSES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION AND GALAXY EVOLUTION (2010 DECADAL SURVEY 2014 NASA SCIENCE PLAN). THE MAIN NOISE CONTRIBUTION IN WEAK LENSING MEASUREMENTS ORIGINATES FROM THE LARGE DISPERSION OF THE INTRINSIC ELLIPTICITY DISTRIBUTION OF GALAXIES (~0.26). THIS SO-CALLED SHAPE NOISE DILUTES THE DESIRED MEASUREMENT OF THE SHEAR EFFECT WHICH IS OF ORDER 10E-3. WE PROPOSE TO INVESTIGATE A NEW WEAK LENSING METHOD SO-CALLED KINEMATIC LENSING (KL) THAT COMBINES SPECTROSCOPIC INFORMATION WITH TRADITIONAL WIDE-FIELD IMAGING. THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THIS TECHNIQUE IS OUTLINED IN HUFF KRAUSE EIFLER ET AL 2013; IT EMPLOYS MINIMALLY RESOLVED DISK GALAXY KINEMATICS AND THE TULLY-FISHER RELATION (TFR) TO ESTIMATE BOTH COMPONENTS OF THE SHEAR. KL GREATLY ENHANCES THE CONSTRAINING POWER ON COSMOLOGICAL MODELS; THE SHAPE NOISE OF DISK GALAXIES IS REDUCED BY MORE THAN AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AND CEASES TO BE AN IMPORTANT SOURCE OF UNCERTAINTY. FURTHERMORE THIS NEW METHOD AVOIDS THE MOST IMPORTANT SOURCES OF THEORETICAL AND OBSERVATIONAL SYSTEMATIC ERRORS THAT AFFECT TRADITIONAL WEAK LENSING MEASUREMENTS: 1) THE SPECTROSCOPIC INFORMATION REMOVES PHOTO-Z ERRORS 2) THE LOWERED REQUIREMENTS ON THE NUMBER DENSITY OF GALAXIES ALLOWS FOR SELECTING HIGH S/N CANDIDATES FOR WHICH RELIABLE SHAPES CAN BE MEASURED 3) CONTAMINATION OF THE SHEAR SIGNAL FROM INTRINSIC ALIGNMENT (IA) OF SOURCE GALAXIES IS STRONGLY MITIGATED BY THE SPECTROSCOPIC INFORMATION AND THE FACT THAT WE SELECT FOR GALAXIES THAT ARE KNOWN TO HAVE LITTLE TO NO IA. BEYOND COSMOLOGY KL UNLOCKS A NEW LEVEL OF PRECISION IN ASTROPHYSICS; IT ENABLES HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS MAPS FOR GALAXIES AND CLUSTERS TO 1) MAP THE TRANSITION REGIME BETWEEN STRONG AND WEAK LENSING 2) STUDY THE CONNECTION OF GALAXIES INTERGALACTIC GAS AND THEIR DARK MATTER ENVIRONMENT 3) DETERMINE THE EXACT MASS AND MASS-PROFILE OF THE MOST MASSIVE HIGH-REDSHIFT CLUSTERS. KINEMATIC LENSING IS A NOVEL IDEA THAT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO FUNDAMENTALLY TRANSFORM OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE. IF SUCCESSFUL IT CAN GREATLY ENHANCE THE SENSITIVITY OF LARGE FUTURE MISSIONS/SURVEYS AND THEREBY OPEN A NEW WINDOW TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF DARK MATTER DARK ENERGY AND OTHER FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS QUESTIONS.
$293,688University Of Arizona · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The Mechanics of Actin-mediated Cell Protrusion
$293,659Gaudenz Danuser · Harvard Medical School · R01 · FY2010 · GM
The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Mutant SOD1 in Mitochondria
$293,630Giovanni Manfredi · Weill Medical Coll Of Cornell Univ · R01 · FY2009 · NS
The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Mutant SOD1 in Mitochondria
$293,630Giovanni Manfredi · Weill Medical Coll Of Cornell Univ · R01 · FY2008 · NS
The Pathogenic Mechanisms of Mutant SOD1 in Mitochondria
$293,630Giovanni Manfredi · Weill Medical Coll Of Cornell Univ · R01 · FY2007 · NS
Epigenetic Regulation of Nuclear Receptor Target Gene Expression
$293,615Kai Ge · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2011 · DK
Function of ACAP4 in CCL18-stimulated breast cancer metastasis
$293,613Xuebiao Yao · Morehouse School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2012 · CA
Function of ACAP4 in CCL18-stimulated breast cancer metastasis
$293,613Xuebiao Yao · Morehouse School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2016 · CA
Function of ACAP4 in CCL18-stimulated breast cancer metastasis
$293,613Xuebiao Yao · Morehouse School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2015 · CA
Synthesis and Characterization Core
$293,586Anita H Lewin · Research Triangle Institute · U19 · FY2011 · ES
RNA TRANSPORT AND LOCALIZATION IN YEAST IN SITU
$293,536Robert H Singer · Albert Einstein College Of Medicine · R01 · FY2006 · GM
PATHOLOGIC MODIFIERS OF TDP-43 PROTEINOPATHIES
$293,532John Q. Trojanowski · University Of Pennsylvania · P01 · FY2014 · AG
Ultrafast Biophysical Studies of Proteins: Time-resolved WAXS Studies
$293,504Philip Anfinrud · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2016 · DK
2/4-Prevention of Depression: Impact on the Transition to Early Adulthood
$293,496William R. Beardslee · Judge Baker Children'S Center · R01 · FY2010 · MH
In Search of the Molecular Basis of Memory Loss in Tauopathy
$293,441Karen H Ashe · University Of Minnesota · R01 · FY2011 · NS
Mechanism of ECM regulation of actin nucleation during morphogenesis.
$293,436Martha C. Soto · Univ Of Med/Dent Nj-R W Johnson Med Sch · R01 · FY2010 · GM
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance Mediated by a Core Promoter Element
$293,410Dinah S. Singer · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2022 · CA
Alabama State University-Auburn University Partnership to Promote Diversity in Aging Research
$293,400Manoj K. Mishra · Alabama State University · R25 · FY2022 · AG
Collaborative Research: Converging on a Physical Basis for Rate and State Friction through Nano-to-Macro-Scale Friction and Adhesion Experiments on Geological Materials
$293,393David L Goldsby · University Of Pennsylvania · · FY2014 · GEO
OUR PROPOSAL AIMS TO INVESTIGATE THE SHIELDING EFFECT OF EARTH'S MAGNETOTAIL ON THE FORMATION OF LUNAR SURFACE WATER (OH/H2O) USING THE WATER ABSORPTION BANDS OF M3 DATA NEAR 3 MICRON. HYDROGEN FROM THE SOLAR WIND PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF LUNAR SURFACE WATER. THE TEMPORAL (I.E. DIURNAL) VARIATION OF THE LUNAR SURFACE WATER SUGGESTS THAT THE FORMATION OF WATER BY SOLAR WIND IMPLANTATION IS AN INSTANTANEOUS PROCESS. BUT BECAUSE THE MOON TRAVERSES THROUGH EARTH'S MAGNETOTAIL IN EACH LUNAR DAY THE MAGNETOTAIL CAN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE THE FLUX OF SOLAR WIND HYDROGEN HITTING THE LUNAR SURFACE. THUS LESS WATER IS PREDICTED TO BE PRESENT AT LOCATIONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL THAT REPELS SOLAR WIND HYDROGEN. HOWEVER THE LYMAN ALPHA MAPPING PROJECT (LAMP) OBSERVATIONS SUGGEST NO HYDRATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REGIONS IN AND OUT OF THE MAGNETOTAIL [HENDRIX ET AL. 2016]. WE WILL VERIFY THE OBSERVATIONS BY [HENDRIX ET AL. 2016] WITH M3 DATA. WE PROPOSE TO ASSESS THE VARIATION OF LUNAR SURFACE WATER DURING THE MOON TRAVERSES THROUGH THE MAGNETOTAIL. OUR PREVIOUS STUDY SHOWS THAT THE LUNAR SURFACE WATER VARIES WITH LATITUDE LOCAL TIME AND OPTICAL MATURITY. WE WILL EXAMINE THE WATER VARIATION AT THE SAME LATITUDE. HOWEVER THE EFFECTS FROM LOCAL TIME AND OPTICAL MATURITY NEED TO BE ACCOMMODATED. FIVE TASKS ARE PROPOSED FOR ACHIEVING OUR GOALS. IN TASK 1 WE WILL CALCULATE THE LUNAR PHASE OF EACH M3 IMAGE CUBE BASED ON THEIR ACQUISITION TIME AND COLLECT ALL M3 RADIANCE AND AUXILIARY DATA (LEVEL 1B) THAT WERE ACQUIRED FROM 1 EARTH'S DAY BEFORE ENTERING THE MAGNETOTAIL TO 1 EARTH'S DAY AFTER EXITING THE MAGNETOTAIL (LUNAR PHASES FROM 270 W TO 80 E). THESE DATA WILL BE PROCESSED ACCORDING TO THEIR OPTICAL PERIODS (5 OPS) AND THE "COLD" / "WARM" CONDITIONS OF THE M3 SENSOR. IN TASK 2 WE WILL CALIBRATE THE COLLECTED M3 DATA IN TASK 1 USING THE SAME METHODS AS THAT M3 TEAM USED EXCEPT THAT WE WILL USE OUR NEW THERMAL CORRECTION MODEL [LI AND MILLIKEN 2016]. WE WILL THEN DERIVE THE ABSORPTION STRENGTH MAP OF WATER BAND AT 2.86 MICRON (BAND 82) FROM THE NEW CALIBRATED M3 DATA. IN TASK 3 WE WILL DERIVE THE LOCAL TIME OF ALL COLLECTED M3 DATA IN TASK 1 USING THE SAME METHOD AS THAT IN LI AND MILLIKEN [2017]. THE RESPECTIVE OPTICAL MATURITY MAP (OMAT) WILL BE DERIVED FROM THE MULTIBAND IMAGER (MI) DATA ONBOARD THE JAPANESE KAGUYA MISSION. IN TASK 4 WE WILL MINIMIZE THE EFFECTS FROM LOCAL TIME AND OPTICAL MATURITY FOR OUR WATER MAPS. IN THE FINAL TASK (5) WE WILL ASSESS THE WATER VARIATION BETWEEN THE MOON IN AND OUT OF THE MAGNETOTAIL. POSSIBLE UNCERTAINTIES IN EACH TASK ARE ALSO DISCUSSED. AS A PROOF OF CONCEPT WE PICKED A SMALL PORTION OF M3 DATA FROM OP2C AND PROCESSED THOSE DATA FROM TASK 1 TO TASK 5. STRONG DEPRESSION OF WATER CONTENT FOR REGIONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL IS OBSERVED IN OUR PILOT STUDY AND IS INDICATIVE OF MAGNETOTAIL SHIELDING EFFECTS. IF RESULTS FROM ALL PROPOSED STUDY ARE POSITIVE WE WILL PROVIDE THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF THE MAGNETOTAIL SHIELDING EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF THE LUNAR SURFACE WATER WHICH IS CRITICAL FOR UNDERSTANDING THE POSSIBLE DIFFERENCE OF SPACE WEATHERING BETWEEN THE FAR SIDE AND NEAR SIDE OF THE MOON. OUR IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE OF THE FORMATION LOSS AND RETENTION PROCESSES OF LUNAR SURFACE WATER WILL EVENTUALLY HELP TO UNDERSTAND SIMILAR PROCESSES ON OTHER AIRLESS BODIES IN THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM SUCH AS MERCURY PHOBOS BENNU (TARGET ASTEROID OF OSIRIS-REX) AND RYUGU (TARGET ASTEROID OF HAYABUSA 2). OUR OBJECTIVE AND PROPOSED TASKS MATCH ONE OF THE HIGH PRIORITY AREAS OF LUNAR RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN LDAP: "IDENTIFICATION DISTRIBUTION TRANSPORT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLATILES IN AND ON THE MOON".
$293,317University Of Hawaii · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Periodontitis caused by kindlin-1 mutations
$293,316Hannu Sakari Larjava · University Of British Columbia · R01 · FY2006 · DE
High quality and high throughput SmallâAngle Xâray Scattering
$293,305Gregory L Hura · University Of Calif-Lawrenc Berkeley Lab · P30 · FY2017 · GM
A Current Regulation by Dipeptidyl Peptidase-Like Proteins
$293,292Paul Pfaffinger · Baylor College Of Medicine · R01 · FY2013 · GM