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38,696 grants matching “als”
MARS VALLEY NETWORKS ARE AMONG THE BEST LINES OF EVIDENCE FOR WIDESPREAD FLUVIAL MODIFICATION OF THE PLANET S SURFACE BUT THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS PRESENT DURING THEIR FORMATION REMAIN CONTROVERSIAL. RESEARCHERS HAVE COMPILED GLOBAL MAPS OF VALLEY NETWORKS FROM VIKING AND THEMIS DATA TO ESTIMATE VARIOUS PROPERTIES OF MARS GEOLOGIC HISTORY INCLUDING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FORMATION TIMESCALES AND EROSION RATES. THE CHANNELS MAPPED BY HYNEK ET AL. (2010) ARE NOW COVERED 96% BY CTX IMAGERY AND 51% BY HRSC DEMS. WE PROPOSE TO USE THESE HIGH RESOLUTION DATA TO CONDUCT DETAILED GEOMORPHOLOGIC STUDIES AND LANDFORM EVOLUTION MODELING AT EIGHT VALLEY NETWORKS SPANNING A WIDE RANGE OF GEOLOGIC SETTINGS TO ADDRESS SEVERAL OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS. SPECIFICALLY WE PROPOSE TWO RELATED TASKS: (1) DETAILED GEOMORPHOLOGIC MAPPING STUDY USING MOLA HRSC CTX AND HIRISE (WHERE AVAILABLE) IMAGERY TO STUDY PALEOFLOW PROPERTIES FORMATIVE PROCESSES. (2) USE THE MARSSIM LANDFORM EVOLUTION MODEL TO EXPLORE SEDIMENTARY HYDROLOGIC AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE OBSERVED DISTRIBUTION AND VARYING DENSITIES OF VALLEY NETWORKS. INTEGRATING ORBITER DATA WITH THE MARSSIM LANDFORM EVOLUTION MODELING HAS PROVEN TO BE AN EFFECTIVE TOOL AT DECIPHERING A PLANETARY SURFACE S GEOLOGIC HISTORY. CHARACTERIZING THE HISTORY OF MARS SURFICIAL WATER AND PALEOCLIMATE REMAIN TOP NASA SCIENCE THEMES AS STATED IN THE 2013-2022 DECADAL SURVEY. WE WILL DIRECTLY ADDRESS BOTH OF THESE THEMES BY USING DATA FROM THE MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER AND MARS EXPRESS TO UNDERSTAND THE HYDROLOGIC PROPERTIES AND FORMATIVE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR VALLEY NETWORK FORMATION WHICH WILL YIELD INSIGHTS INTO MARS' PAST POTENTIAL HABITABILITY.
$299,964Smithsonian Institution · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Peroxynitrite, nitrotyrosine and HSP90 in neuronal death
$299,964Alvaro G. Estevez · University Of Central Florida · R01 · FY2013 · NS
Economic Evaluation of MEW Network Epilepsy Self-Management Programs
$299,957Tanya M Goyal · New York University School Of Medicine · U48 · FY2025 · DP
Healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers with an Offloading Orthosis
$299,955Timothy Hurley · Diapedia, Llc · R43 · FY2015 · DK
RE@L: Research Environments Associated with Learning through Social Networks
$299,954Krishna Madhavan · Clemson University · · FY2007 · CSE
Understanding the Role of Student Engagement in Active Learning Outcomes in General Chemistry through Discourse Analysis
$299,945Alissa J Hartig · Portland State University · · FY2021 · EDU
PROBLEM AND BACKGROUNDHERBICIDES REMAIN THE CORNERSTONE OF EFFECTIVE WEED MANAGEMENT IN BROAD-ACRE FARMING, BUT OVER-RELIANCE ON FEW HERBICIDE OPTIONS HAS RESULTED IN THE EVOLUTION OF HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEEDS. IN THE SOUTHERN US, HERBICIDE-RESISTANT WEEDS HAVE BECOME A CRITICAL CROP PRODUCTION CHALLENGE IN RECENT TIMES (RIAR ET AL. 2013A). MULTIPLE RESISTANCE TO MORE THAN ONE HERBICIDE SITE OF ACTION (SOA) IS PARTICULARLY A GROWING CONCERN IN THE REGION. PALMER AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS PALMERI S. WATS.) AND WATERHEMP (AMARANTHUS TUBERCULATUS MOQ.) (A WEED SIMILAR TO PALMER AMARANTH IN ITS BIOLOGY) ARE TWO MAJOR RESISTANCE-PRONE BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES IN THE AGRONOMIC CROP-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF THE SOUTHERN AND MID-WESTERN US, WHEREAS BARNYARDGRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI L.) IS AN IMPORTANT GRASS WEED WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR EVOLVING HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN THESE SYSTEMS (HEAP 2019). MULTIPLE HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN PALMER AMARANTH (SOSNOSKIE ET AL. 2011), WATERHEMP (SHERGILL ET AL. 2018), AND BARNYARDGRASS (TALBERT AND BURGOS 2007; LIU ET AL. 2017) HAS BEEN CAUSING SERIOUS ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES.IMPORTANCE OF A PROACTIVE, IPM APPROACH TO TACKLING THE PROBLEMWHEN LOOKING AT HOW HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN WEEDS HAS BEEN DEALT WITH THUS FAR, IT IS MORE OFTEN REACTIVE RATHER THAN PROACTIVE. A REACTIVE APPROACH ATTEMPTS TO MANAGE RESISTANCE AFTER RESISTANCE HAS ALREADY EVOLVED, WHEREAS A PROACTIVE APPROACH IS GEARED TOWARDS PREVENTING RESISTANCE FROM APPEARING IN THE FIRST PLACE (MUELLER ET AL. 2005). A PROACTIVE APPROACH ADVOCATES MORE DIVERSIFIED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS RIGHT FROM THE START. SOIL WEED SEEDBANK MANAGEMENT IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF PROACTIVE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT. SIMULATION MODELS HAVE EMPHASIZED THAT THE RISK OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IS STRONGLY AND POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH SOIL SEEDBANK SIZE (BAGAVATHIANNAN ET AL. 2013; NEVE ET AL. 2011). TRADITIONAL WEED CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS WERE BASED ON AN ECONOMIC THRESHOLD (ET) CONCEPT, WHICH ADVOCATES CONTROL WHEN WEED DENSITIES EXCEED A YIELD LOSS THRESHOLD. HOWEVER, THE ET CONCEPT DOES NOT ADEQUATELY ADDRESS THE LIKELIHOOD OF WEED SEEDBANK ADDITION, WHICH MIGHT INCREASE FUTURE WEED MANAGEMENT COSTS AND ALSO ELEVATE THE RISK OF RESISTANCE EVOLUTION (NORRIS 1999; BAGAVATHIANNAN AND NORSWORTHY 2012). THEREFORE, A PROACTIVE APPROACH TO RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT REQUIRES A STRONG FOCUS ON MINIMIZING SOIL WEED SEEDBANK LEVELS.OBSTACLES TO IPM ADOPTIONBEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) BASED ON AN IPM APPROACH TO HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED WITH COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS BETWEEN USDA-APHIS AND WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA, UTILIZING THE KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM A WEALTH OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES CONCERNING THIS ISSUE (NORSWORTHY ET AL. 2012). THE LEVEL OF ADOPTION OF THE BMPS, HOWEVER, HAS BEEN SLOW. A SURVEY BY RIAR ET AL. (2013B) INDICATED THAT ONE OF THE MAJOR CONSTRAINTS TO BMP ADOPTION BY GROWERS IS THE FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE THE LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF BMP ADOPTION. CONVINCING GROWERS OF THE ECONOMICAL COMPETENCE OF A PROACTIVE, IPM APPROACH TO HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT REMAINS A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE. A NUMBER OF BMPS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN PALMER AMARANTH (NEVE ET AL. 2011) AND BARNYARDGRASS (BAGAVATHIANNAN ET AL. 2013) WERE DEVELOPED WITH GUIDANCE FROM SIMULATION MODELING EFFORTS, BUT THESE MODELS WERE ONLY INTENDED AS RESEARCH TOOLS AND ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR USE AS DECISION-AID TOOLS IN EXTENSION ACTIVITIES. THE LACK OF AN EFFECTIVE, USER-FRIENDLY, EDUCATION/EXTENSION TOOL TO DEMONSTRATE THE LONG-TERM BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF IPM STRATEGIES REPRESENTS A SUBSTANTIAL LIMITATION TO THE PROMOTION OF IPM TACTICS BY EXTENSION PERSONNEL.PAM: A BIO-ECONOMIC MODEL TO GUIDE PALMER AMARANTH MANAGEMENTWITH THE NEED FOR AN EFFECTIVE DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL TO ASSIST THE DISSEMINATION OF IPM TACTICS BY EXTENSION PERSONNEL, OUR TEAM HAS DEVELOPED A MICROSOFT EXCEL™ BASED TOOL, KNOWN AS THE PALMER AMARANTH INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT (PAM) MODEL. THIS TOOL HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE FOR DEMONSTRATING THE LONG-TERM BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ADOPTING INTEGRATED STRATEGIES FOR PALMER AMARANTH MANAGEMENT (LINDSAY ET AL. 2017). THE MODEL SIMULATES LONG-TERM (10 YEAR) AVERAGE ECONOMIC RETURNS AS WELL AS THE SEEDBANK SIZE OF PALMER AMARANTH. IT ALLOWS THE USER TO BUILD VARIOUS CROP ROTATION AND WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR A 10-YEAR PERIOD AND SEE FOR THEMSELVES THE ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF USING, OR DRAWBACKS OF NOT USING, A DIVERSIFIED IPM STRATEGY TO WEED MANAGEMENT. SPECIFIC NON-CHEMICAL OPTIONS INCORPORATED IN THE MODEL INCLUDE CROP ROTATION, ROW SPACING, COVER CROPS, SEEDBED PREPARATION, MOLDBOARD PLOWING AND HARVEST-TIME WEED SEED CONTROL, AMONG OTHERS. THIS TOOL ALSO INCLUDES A RESISTANCE RISK CALCULATOR THAT AUTOMATICALLY DISPLAYS THE RISK OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE TO THE HOST OF MANAGEMENT OPTIONS SELECTED BY THE USER. THE PAM MODEL WAS DEVELOPED BASED ON CONSTANT FEEDBACK PROVIDED BY END USERS.THE PAM MODEL IS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD AT HTTP://AGRIBUSINESS.UARK.EDU/DECISION-SUPPORT-SOFTWARE.PHP#PAM. THIS TOOL HAS BEEN WIDELY CIRCULATED THROUGH VARIOUS OUTREACH OUTLETS AND IS CURRENTLY USED IN EXTENSION ACTIVITIES. THE MAJOR TARGET AUDIENCE FOR THIS TOOL IS CROP CONSULTANTS AND EXTENSION PERSONNEL, WHO RUN VARIOUS SCENARIOS AND USE THE INFORMATION IN THEIR WEED MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, WHILE SOME PROGRESSIVE FARMERS ALSO USE THIS BY THEMSELVES. A NUMBER OF WEED MANAGEMENT AND CROP PRODUCTION SCENARIOS CAN BE SIMULATED BY THE SOFTWARE AND THE OUTPUTS CAN BE USED TO DEMONSTRATE THE LONG-TERM BENEFITS OF DIVERSIFIED WEED MANAGEMENT.THE PLANTHE FOCUS OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO IMPROVE THE PAM MODEL TO PROVIDE SYSTEM-BASED HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT EDUCATION AND TO EXPAND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MID-WESTERN US. AS MENTIONED EARLIER, BARNYARDGRASS IS A DOMINANT GRASS WEED IN VARIOUS AGRONOMIC CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ACROSS THE SOUTHERN AND MID-WESTERNUS. IT IS THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT WEED SPECIES GLOBALLY THAT SHOWS HIGH-RISK FOR THE EVOLUTION OF HERBICIDE RESISTANCE, WITH RESISTANCE TO AT LEAST 10 DIFFERENT HERBICIDE SOA AS OF TODAY (HEAP 2019). THE PAM MODEL WILL BE REVISED AND IMPROVED TO INCLUDE WATERHEMP AND BARNYARDGRASS. FURTHER, THESE IMPROVEMENTS WILL BE IMPLEMENTED IN A WEBSITE INTERFACE TO ACHIEVE WIDER ACCESSIBILITY AND UTILIZATION. IT IS ANTICIPATED THAT SUCH IMPROVEMENTS WILL MAKE THIS A ROBUST-DECISION SUPPORT TOOL TO PROMOTE IPM-BASED STRATEGIES FOR HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT.THE SHORT-TERM GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP AND DELIVER A ROBUST SYSTEM-BASED DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL FOR DEMONSTRATING TO CONSULTANTS, DEALERS, DISTRIBUTORS, EXTENSION PERSONNEL AND GROWERS, THE BENEFITS OF ADOPTING AND THE PENALTIES OF NOT ADOPTING IPM TACTICS FOR HERBICIDE RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT ENCOMPASSING BOTH GRASS AND BROADLEAF WEEDS. THE LONG-TERM GOAL OF THE PROJECT IS TO DEMONSTRATE TO THE CLIENTELE THE VALUE OF SYSTEM-BASED IPM APPROACHES TO WEED MANAGEMENT AND THEREBY MINIMIZE THE ECONOMIC, HUMAN HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSOCIATED WITH WEED MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL AND HERBICIDE RESISTANCE IN PARTICULAR.
$299,938Texas A&M Agrilife Research · · FY2020 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
DFMO Therapy for Polycystic Kidney Disease
$299,934Michael Peter Vitek · Resilio Therapeutics, Llc · R41 · FY2020 · DK
mTOR Regulation of Basal Antiviral Immunity in the Elderly
$299,903Joan Mannick · Tornado Therapeutics, Inc. · R01 · FY2023 · AG
** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** ENTOMOLOGISTS HAVE USED MICROPHONES SINCE 1901, BUT THESE TOOLS ARE CHALLENGING FOR FARMERS AND SCIENTISTS DUE TO COMPLEXITY IN IDENTIFYING DIVERSE INSECT SPECIES. APPLYING MACHINE LEARNING TO AUDIO SENSORS, THOUGH RARE IN ENTOMOLOGY, SHOWS PROMISE. SPECIFICALLY, USING CONTACT MICROPHONES WITH TAILORED ALGORITHMS OFFERS A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO MONITOR ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT INSECT STAGES, AS DEMONSTRATED BY THIS TEAM (MEHROTRA ET AL., 2023). PRACTITIONERS AT THE FARMER, REGIONAL GOVERNMENT, COMMODITY BOARD, AND INDUSTRY LEVELS INDEPENDENTLY IDENTIFIED THE BARRIER TO THE USE OF THE INSECT EAVESDROPPER IN DECISION-MAKING AS THE LINK TO ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS. THEREFORE, WE PROPOSE TO (1) DEVELOP AN ALGORITHM CORRELATING INSECT EAVESDROPPER SIGNALS TO PEST DENSITY AND (2) DEVELOP A DECISION TREE FRAMEWORK TO INTERPRET THE ALGORITHM OUTPUT AS AN ECONOMIC THRESHOLD. WE WILL EVALUATE THE ALGORITHM AND FRAMEWORK FOR LEAF DEFOLIATING, SAP-FEEDING, ROOT FEEDING, AND SEED FEEDING INSECT PESTS ON THREE MAJOR COMMODITIES. IF SUCCESSFUL, THIS PROJECT WILL RESULT IN A NEW TYPE OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLD BASED ON AUTONOMOUS SENSING OF INSECT DAMAGE TO CROPS. BY CORRELATING THE SENSOR SIGNALS WITH PEST DENSITY AND CROP DAMAGE, WE AIM TO EMPOWER AGRICULTURAL STAKEHOLDERS TO MAKE INFORMED DECISIONS.THIS RESEARCH INVOLVES USING A DEVICE CALLED THE INSECT EAVESDROPPER TO LISTEN TO THE SOUNDS INSECTS MAKE WHEN THEY FEED ON CROPS. BY ANALYZING THESE SOUNDS, THE RESEARCHERS HOPE TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF INSECTS AND THE DAMAGE THEY'RE CAUSING. THE STUDY COVERS DIFFERENT TYPES OF INSECTS AND CROPS. FOR EXAMPLE, THEY'RE LOOKING AT BEETLES ON SOYBEANS AND POTATOES, AND CORN EARWORMS ON CORN. THEY'RE ALSO STUDYING HOW INSECTS FEED AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF DAY. THE RESEARCHERS ARE ALSO TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF INSECTS AND THE DAMAGE THEY CAUSE. FOR INSTANCE, THEY'RE STUDYING HOW MUCH LEAF DAMAGE BEETLES CAUSE ON SOYBEANS, AND HOW MANY APHIDS ARE ON SOYBEAN AND SORGHUM PLANTS. IN ADDITION, THEY'RE LOOKING AT HOW CORN ROOTWORMS AFFECT CORN ROOTS AND HOW CORN EARWORMS DAMAGE CORN KERNELS. THEY'RE USING THE INSECT EAVESDROPPER TO CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR THESE INSECTS AND RECORD THEIR FEEDING SOUNDS. THE RESEARCHERS ARE DEVELOPING ALGORITHMS TO INTERPRET THE SOUNDS RECORDED BY THE INSECT EAVESDROPPER. THESE ALGORITHMS WILL HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF SOUNDS (OR 'EVENTS') AND THE AMOUNT OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE INSECTS. FINALLY, THEY'RE CREATING A DECISION TREE, A TYPE OF MODEL THAT CAN HELP MAKE DECISIONS BASED ON THE DATA. THIS DECISION TREE WILL CLASSIFY THE DAMAGE AS 'BELOW', 'AT', OR 'ABOVE' THE ECONOMIC THRESHOLD - THE POINT AT WHICH IT BECOMES COST-EFFECTIVE TO TAKE ACTION AGAINST THE INSECTS. THIS COULD HELP FARMERS MAKE BETTER DECISIONS ABOUT MANAGING PESTS ON THEIR CROPS. THIS PROJECT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO REVOLUTIONIZE PEST MONITORING IN AGRICULTURE, SIGNIFICA,NTLY REDUCING COSTS AND LABOR WHILE ENHANCING THE EFFICACY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, ULTIMATELY BOLSTERING GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY, AND MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF HERBIVOROUS INSECTS ON AGRICULTURAL CROPS.
$299,900University Of Wisconsin System · · FY2024 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Towards Better Understanding of ALS using a Multi-Marker Discovery Approach from a Multi-Modal Database (ALS4M)
$299,898Xing Song · University Of Missouri-Columbia · R01 · FY2022 · TS
Prospective Risk and Protective Factors for Suicide and co-occurring Risk Behavio
$299,885Manfred Hendrikus Maria Van Dulmen · Kent State University · R01 · FY2008 · CE
RFA-TS-24-010: Ambient Air Pollution as a Potential Risk Factor for ALS - Using a Multiomics Approach in a High-Quality Epidemiologic Study
$299,877Fang Fang · Karolinska Institute · R01 · FY2025 · TS
Delivery of passive immunity against HIV using commensal vaginal Lactobacillus bi
$299,870Laurel A. Lagenaur · Osel, Inc. · R43 · FY2012 · AI
Intrathecal Cyclosporin for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
$299,867Jenny Karlsson · Maas Biolab, Inc. · U44 · FY2007 · NS
Preparing Students with Learning Disabilities for Careers in Math and Science by Achieving Curriculum Standards
$299,867Edward L Meyen · University Of Kansas Center For Research Inc · · FY2006 · EDU
Defining the role of brain iron dysregulation in Huntington's disease
$299,846Jonathan H Fox · University Of Wyoming · R01 · FY2013 · NS
PI-3 kinase effectors in insulin-responsive systems
$299,813Silvia Corvera · Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester · R01 · FY2007 · DK
Neuroplasticity with alcohol dependence
$299,811Scott C Steffensen · Brigham Young University · R01 · FY2012 · AA
HUMAN SERVICE RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP: US VIRGIN ISLANDS
$299,799Noreen Michaels · University Of The Virgin Islands · · FY2016 · AF
Clinical Research in ALS & related disorders for Therapeutic Development (CREATE)
$299,785Michael Benatar · University Of Miami School Of Medicine · U54 · FY2017 · NS
Development of a peptide-based diagnostic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
$299,778Shrikumar Ambujakshan Nair · Affinergy, Llc · R43 · FY2020 · NS
Safe Passages: A Toolkit to Ensure Quality Transitions From NICU To Ambulatory Ca
$299,764Virginia A. Moyer · Baylor College Of Medicine · R18 · FY2008 · HS
DOWN SYNDROME, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
$299,760Brain Insights, Inc. · R01 · FY2000 · HD
Towards Better Understanding of ALS using a Multi-Marker Discovery Approach from a Multi-Modal Database (ALS4M)
$299,753Xing Song · University Of Missouri-Columbia · R01 · FY2023 · TS