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38,696 grants matching “als”
SCIENCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSAL IS TO STUDY THE DETAILED PHYSICS AND GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN THE MAGNETOTAIL REGIONS OF MARS AND VENUS USING A GLOBAL MHD WITH EMBEDDED PARTICLE IN CELL (MHD-EPIC) CODE. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IS A FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL PROCESS IN SPACE PLASMAS THAT CHANGES THE MAGNETIC TOPOLOGY AND CONVERTS MAGNETIC ENERGY INTO BOTH KINETIC ENERGY AND THERMAL ENERGY. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION HAS BEEN DETECTED IN THE PLASMA TAIL REGION AT BOTH VENUS AND MARS [ZHANG ET AL. 2012 HARADA ET AL. 2015] AND IT IS EXPECTED TO PLAY A CRUCIAL ROLE IN CONTROLLING THE PARTICLE ACCELERATION AND ATMOSPHERIC LOSS PROCESSES AT UNMAGNETIZED PLANETS [KRYMSKII ET AL. 2002; BRAIN 2006; BRAIN ET AL. 2010; HALEKAS ET AL. 2011]. HERE WE USE A COUPLED APPROACH TO NUMERICALLY STUDY THE DETAILED PHYSICAL PROCESS AND THE GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN THE MAGNETOTAIL REGION. SUCH A COUPLED APPROACH SOLVES THE SOLAR WIND-PLANET PLASMA INTERACTION USING A GLOBAL MHD MODEL THAT IS FULLY COUPLED WITH AN EMBEDDED KINETIC MODEL (PARTICLE-IN-CELL). THE MAIN SCIENCE QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED BY THE PROPOSAL ARE: 1. HOW IMPORTANT IS THE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION PROCESS IN CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF THE PLASMA TAIL AT MARS UNDER TYPICAL SOLAR WIND CONDITIONS? 2. HOW IMPORTANT IS THE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION PROCESS IN CONTROLLING THE DYNAMICS OF THE PLASMA TAIL AT VENUS UNDER TYPICAL SOLAR WIND CONDITIONS? 3. HOW WILL THE CRUSTAL MAGNETIC FIELD AFFECT THE TAIL RECONNECTION PROCESS AT MARS? 4. HOW DIFFERENT IS THE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION PROCESS IN DRIVING THE ION LOSS FROM VENUS AND MARS? METHODOLOGY AN INNOVATIVE TWO-WAY COUPLED APPROACH IS TO BE USED IN THE STUDY WHICH COUPLES THE GLOBAL MHD MODELS OF MARS AND VENUS WITH AN EMBEDDED PIC CODE. SUCH A MODELING CAPABILITY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED RECENTLY IN THE SPACE WEATHER MODELING FRAMEWORK AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN [DALDORFF ET AL. 2014] TO COUPLE THE BATSRUS MHD MODEL WITH THE LOCAL PARTICLE-IN-CELL (IPIC3D) MODEL [MARKIDIS ET AL. 2010]. IT HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED TO GANYMEDE [TOTH ET AL. 2016] EARTH [CHEN ET AL. 2017] AND MARS [MA ET AL. 2018 UNDER REVIEW] AND WILL BE ADAPTED TO VENUS. THIS APPROACH TAKES ADVANTAGES OF BOTH MODELS: THE EFFICIENCY OF THE GLOBAL MHD MODEL AND THE ABILITY TO INCLUDE KINETIC EFFECTS BY THE PIC MODEL AND MAKE IT FEASIBLE TO PERFORM KINETIC SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION UNDER REALISTIC SOLAR WIND CONDITIONS. RELEVANCE: THE GOALS OF THIS PROPOSED WORK ARE DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM WORKINGS (SSW) PROGRAM AS THE PROPOSED STUDY WILL USE AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE MAGNETIC RECONNECTION (A FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL) PROCESS AT BOTH MARS AND VENUS. IN PARTICULAR THE PROPOSAL ADDRESSES THE ROLE OF A FUNDAMENTAL PLASMA PROCESS UNDER "PLASMA ENVIRONMENTS" AS LISTED IN THE SCOPE OF THE PROGRAM.
$386,074University Of California, Los Angeles · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SCIENTIFIC GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE PROPOSED RESEARCH CONSISTS OF TWO TASKS THAT ADDRESS FUNDAMENTAL UNCERTAINTIES IN THE ABSOLUTE DURATION OF MAGMATIC ACTIVITY AND UNCERTAINTIES IN THE NATURE AND TIMING OF METAMORPHIC PROCESSES OPERATIVE IN THE HOWARDITE EUCRITE DIOGENITE (HED) PARENT BODY (ASTEROID 4 VESTA). TASK 1 WILL INVESTIGATE THE DURATION OF MAGMATISM AND THE DEEP-CRUSTAL THERMAL HISTORY OF ASTEROID 4 VESTA WITH HIGH-PRECISION UPB DATING OF PETROLOGICALLY AND GEOCHEMICALLY CHARACTERIZED ZIRCON IN BASALTIC EUCRITES AND A ZIRCON-BEARING DIOGENITE USING CHEMICAL ABRASION ISOTOPE-DILUTION THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (CA ID-TIMS). TASK 2 WILL INVESTIGATE THE THERMAL EVOLUTION AND TIMING OF VOLATILE-RICH MATERIAL MOBILITY IN HEDS BY IN SITU U-TH-PB (THERMO)CHRONOLOGY OF CA-PHOSPHATE MINERALS USING LASER ABLATION INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY (LA-ICPMS). THEY WILL ADDRESS THESE QUESTIONS: DID THE PERIOD OF LATE HEAVY BOMBARDMENT (~4.1-3.3 GA) AS OBSERVED ON THE MOON ALSO OCCUR ON THE EUCRITE PARENT BODY (4 VESTA AND ITS REMNANTS)? WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GLOBAL VERSUS DISCREET THERMAL EVENTS AFFECTING THE HED PARENT BODY? AND IS THE AGE OF VOLATILE-RICH VEINING IN EUCRITES EARLY (COEVAL WITH MAGMATISM) OR LATE (RELATED TO SUBSEQUENT THERMAL EVENTS)? BOTH TASKS WILL RELY HEAVILY ON EXISTING AND NEW PETROLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE SAMPLES SELECTED FOR STUDY. THE PROPOSAL TEAM HAS THE EQUIPMENT AND EXPERTISE TO FACILITATE ALL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH INCLUDING ASSISTING IN THE MENTORING OF THE GRADUATE STUDENT. METHODS: TASK 1: ZIRCONIUM-RICH MINERALS WILL BE DOCUMENTED IN THE SAMPLES BY X-RAY CHEMICAL MAPPING OF POLISHED THIN/ THICK SECTIONS. PETROLOGIC IMAGING AND HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION (50 NM) EBSD ANALYSES WILL BE CONDUCTED TO SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH SHOCK DEFORMATION RELATED TO IMPACT. IN SITU TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATION AND PRELIMINARY UTH- PB DATING OF 2-3 REPRESENTATIVE ZIRCON GRAINS FROM EACH SAMPLE WILL BE DONE BY LA-ICPMS HIGH-PRECISION U-PB DATES OF ZIRCON WILL BE OBTAINED THROUGH STATE-OF-THE-ART CHEMICAL-ABRASION ID-TIMS ANALYSES APPLIED TO SUCH INITIATIVES AS CALIBRATING THE GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE GRADSTEIN ET AL. 2012). THE U ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF NWA 10666 WILL BE MEASURED BY MC-ICP-MS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON USING ESTABLISHED SAMPLE DIGESTION CHEMICAL SEPARATION AND U ISOTOPIC ANALYSES BY DOUBLE SPIKE (IRMM-3636). THE SAMPLE SOLUTIONS REMAINING AFTER U-PB CHEMISTRY OF DIGESTED ZIRCON CONTAIN THE LU AND HF FROM THE DIGESTED MINERALS WHICH CAN BE FURTHER PROCESSED FOR ISOTOPIC ANALYSES. TASK 2: PETROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SAMPLES WILL USE LIGHT AND E-BEAM IMAGING AND EPMA FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF CONSTITUENT PHASES. U-TH-PB ISOTOPE ANALYSIS WITH PRECISIONS SIMILAR TO OR BETTER THAN THAT OF AN ION PROBE WILL BE USED TO DATE CA-PHOSPHATE MINERALS WITH VERY HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION (7-10 M). RELEVANCE: THE EMERGING WORLDS PROGRAM SEEKS PROPOSALS THAT ANSWER THE FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE QUESTION OF HOW THE SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED AND EVOLVED AND EXPLORE AND OBSERVE THE OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM TO UNDERSTAND HOW THEY FORMED AND EVOLVE. THE PROPOSED STUDY IS RELEVANT TO THE EMERGING WORLDS PROGRAM IN THAT THEY ARE TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE TIMING OF DIFFERENTIATION IN EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES AND THE TIMING OF FORMATION OF PLANETARY CRUSTS. IN THIS CASE THEY WILL INVESTIGATE THE TIMING OF IGNEOUS PROCESSES IN THE HED PARENT BODY. THEY ARE ALSO INVESTIGATING THE TIMING OF VOLATILE ADDITION TO THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM AND THERMAL PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH IMPACT HEATING THAT OCCUR EARLY (PERHAPS COEVAL WITH IGNEOUS ACTIVITY).
$386,056University Of Houston System · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Antioxidant-based mechanisms used by staphyloccocus aureus to evade host defenses
$386,049George Y Liu · Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · R01 · FY2010 · AI
structural characterization of iron-induced gene transcription in E. coli
$386,042Susan Buchanan · Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases · Z01 · FY2007 · DK
Mantle vs. crustal processes: testing the tracer potential of arc olivines
$386,037Susanne M Straub · Columbia University · · FY2025 · GEO
MGE Progenitor Cell Grafts and Epilepsy
$386,022Scott Charles Baraban · University Of California, San Francisco · R01 · FY2008 · NS
Chemical tools for modulating the fetal hemoglobin inducer BCL11A
$386,000Laura Dassama · Stanford University · R01 · FY2025 · HL
Chemical tools for modulating the fetal hemoglobin inducer BCL11A
$386,000Laura Dassama · Stanford University · R01 · FY2024 · HL
Advanced Development of the MasSpec Pen for Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Margin Evaluation
$386,000Livia Schiavinato Eberlin · University Of Texas At Austin · R33 · FY2020 · CA
Aging, Calorie Restriction and Insulin Sensitivity
$385,992Gregory D. Cartee · University Of Michigan At Ann Arbor · R01 · FY2022 · AG
DEMENTIA AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN ASSISTED LIVING
$385,986Johns Hopkins University · R01 · FY2001 · MH
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of FUS-related ALS/FTD
$385,976Udai B Pandey · University Of Pittsburgh At Pittsburgh · R01 · FY2021 · NS
Developmental Regulation of Centrosome Duplication
$385,969Kevin O'Connell · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2018 · DK
SULFUR IS THE TENTH MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT IN THE GALAXY AND SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS REVEAL A RANGE OF DIFFERENT SPECIES SOME ARE IONIZED SOME ARE RADICALS SOME ARE GROUND STATE. ALL OF THESE SPECIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO BE AFFECTED BY PHOTOCHEMISTRY. SULFUR ALSO HAS A RICH CHEMISTRY WITH MANY DIFFERENT BONDS MAKING IDEAL FOR PRODUCING A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOTOPIC SIGNATURES.TWO FINDINGS WITH CM CHONDRITES INDICATE THAT SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN THESE METEORITES PRESERVE SIGNATURES OF THIS CHEMISTRY - A SINGULAR FINDING OF WATER-SOLUBLE SULFONIC ACIDS BY COOPER ET AL. (1997) AND ANOTHER FINDING BY LABIDI ET AL. (2016) INVOLVING ELEMENTAL AND OTHER ZERO VALENT SULFUR SPECIES. THESE SIGNATURE IMPLICATE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS POINT TO A LOW TEMPERATURE ORIGIN BUT THEIR ORIGIN IS POORLY UNDERSTOOD. THE TEAM ON THIS PROPOSAL WILL ISOLATE THESE COMPOUNDS FROM CM CHONDRITES REFINE THE RANGE OF COMPOUNDS THAT HAVE BEEN ISOLATED AND EXPLORE THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE COMPOUNDS (THEIR EXISTENCE AND COMPOSITION) TO PLACE CONSTRAINTS ON THE NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR THEIR FORMATION TRANSFER AND PRESERVATION. THESE CONSTRAINTS WILL PROVIDE DIRECT INSIGHTS INTO CONDITIONS THAT PREVAILED IN THE REGIONS OF THE SOLAR NEBULA WHERE THESE COMPOUNDS WERE FORMED AND ABOUT HOW SULFUR IS SPECIATED IN PRIMITIVE METEORITIC MATERIALS - INFORMATION THAT IS NECESSARY TO UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES THAT ULTIMATELY DELIVERED SULFUR TO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLAR SYSTEM MATERIALS. THE WORK WILL INCLUDE A VARIETY OF LABORATORY AND PETROGRAPHIC STUDIES OF METEORITE SAMPLES. IT WILL USE STATE OF THE ART TECHNIQUES FOR ISOLATION OF THESE COMPOUNDS AND SULFUR CARBON HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSES.
$385,963University Of Maryland, College Park · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The EphB4 Receptor as a Novel Breast Cancer Target
$385,957Elena B Pasquale · Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute · R01 · FY2007 · CA
Small Talk: Administrative Supplement for Tackling Acquisition of Language in Kids (TALK) Initiative
$385,873Laura M. Justice · Ohio State University · R01 · FY2023 · DC
Regulation of Apoptosis in Ewing Sarcoma
$385,872Maria Tsokos · Division Of Clinical Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2011 · CA
HCC: Intelligent Interfaces to Empower People with Disabilities to Participate in the Information Society
$385,840Margrit Betke · Trustees Of Boston University · · FY2007 · CSE
Identification, cloning, and in vitro characterization of transmitted/founder vir
$385,793Beatrice H Hahn · University Of Pennsylvania · P01 · FY2013 · AI
HIV-1 Genetic Variation in Infected Individuals
$385,733Frank Maldarelli · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2017 · CA
Mechanistic analysis of axonal transport defects in neurodegenerative disease
$385,720Erika L Holzbaur · University Of Pennsylvania · R37 · FY2015 · NS
Mechanistic analysis of axonal transport defects in neurodegenerative disease
$385,720Erika L Holzbaur · University Of Pennsylvania · R37 · FY2016 · NS
Mechanistic analysis of axonal transport defects in neurodegenerative disease
$385,720Erika L Holzbaur · University Of Pennsylvania · R37 · FY2017 · NS
Mechanistic analysis of axonal transport defects in neurodegenerative disease
$385,720Erika L Holzbaur · University Of Pennsylvania · R37 · FY2014 · NS
Allele-specific inactivation for dominant negative NEFL Mutations
$385,717Luke M Judge · University Of California, San Francisco · R01 · FY2021 · NS