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38,696 grants matching “als”
Impact of Allostatic Load and Neighborhood Contextual Factors on Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative
$434,993Adana A. M. Llanos · Columbia University Health Sciences · R01 · FY2022 · CA
DURING HYPERVELOCITY IMPACT CAPTURE OF COMET 81P/WILD 2 DUST IN THE STARDUST MISSION SILICA AEROGEL BOTH COMET DUST AND PRE-FLIGHT AEROGEL WERE MODIFIED. THE EXTREMES RANGE FROM COMPLETE LOSS OF TEXTURES AND MINERALS WHEN COMET DUST INTERACTED WITH SILICA AEROGEL BUT PRESERVING THE BULK CHEMICAL SIGNATURES OF THE COMET DUST TO SURVIVAL OF HIGHLY ORDERED MINERALS WITH A THIN QUENCHED SILICA GLASS RIND. BROADLY SPEAKING MOST OF THE NANOMETER SCALE PARTICLES FROM THE LOOSE WILD 2 AGGLOMERATES WERE ASSIMILATED IN VESICULAR LOW-MG CA AL MN CR SILICA GLASS WITH NUMEROUS FE-NI-S COMPOUNDS (~1 UP TO ~100NM). DESPITE THE COMPLETE LOSS OF PETROGRAPHIC TEXTURES IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECONSTRUCT THESE ORIGINAL WILD 2 AFTER CORRECTION FOR A CHEMICAL CONTAMINANT BACKGROUND. THE BACKGROUND CORRECTED COMPOUND COMPOSITIONS ARE MOSTLY NI-FREE LOW-S FE-S GRAINS. APPARENTLY INTACT SURVIVING MINERALS FROM ~500NM TO MANY MICRONS IN SIZE ARE FOUND ALONG THE TRACK WALLS AND IN THE TERMINAL PARTICLES. MANY MINERAL GRAINS ARE FRACTURED AND SOME SHOW UNUSUAL FEATURES THAT SUGGEST (ALMOST) DIFFUSION-LESS RESPONSES TO THE SHORT-LIVED THERMAL REGIME OF HYPERVELOCITY CAPTURE. I WILL CHARACTERIZE SURVIVING MINERALS AND FLIGHT AEROGEL IDENTIFY THE EXTENT OF MODIFICATIONS DEFINE THE COMPLEX AND CHAOTIC INTERACTIONS AND CONSTRAIN THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENTS CAUSING MODIFICATIONS USING HRTEM IMAGING AND ATTENDANT CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES.
$434,984University Of New Mexico · · FY2014 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
THE SPECTACULARLY SUCCESSFUL NEW HORIZONS (NH) ENCOUNTER AND RECENT MODELING EFFORTS RAISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ABOUT PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL STRUCTURE AND ENERGY BALANCE GLOBAL CIRCULATION WIND REGIMES AND THE PROPAGATION OF INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVES. WE PROPOSE TO APPLY A SUITE OF REALISTIC GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODELING TOOLS TO EXPLORE THE UNDERLYING PHYSICAL PROCESSES AT WORK IN PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE AND TO IDENTIFY THEIR OBSERVABLE CONSEQUENCES. WE WILL PREDICT THE DYNAMICAL RESPONSE OF THE ATMOSPHERE TO A SET OF HYPOTHESIZED AND MODELED FORCINGS AND SURFACE CONDITIONS AND COMPARE THESE PREDICTIONS WITH NEW HORIZONS OBSERVATIONS AND WITH A SUBSTANTIAL CATALOG OF HIGH SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR) EARTH-BASED STELLAR OCCULTATIONS THAT PROVIDE OUR BEST RECORD OF DECADAL CHANGES IN PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE. OUR PROPOSED INVESTIGATION WILL FOCUS ON TWO IMPORTANT AND ANSWERABLE QUESTIONS: Q1. WHAT ARE THE DYNAMICAL AND TEMPORAL IMPLICATIONS OF PLUTO'S APPARENTLY COOLER THERMAL STRUCTURE? NEW HORIZONS OBSERVATIONS OF PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL PROFILE REVEALED UPPER ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES TO BE NEARLY ISOTHERMAL AT ABOUT 60 K OR ABOUT 30-60 K COOLER THAN THOSE DERIVED FROM DECADES OF PREVIOUS STELLAR OCCULTATIONS AS WELL AS A LESS STABLE LOWER ATMOSPHERE (L. YOUNG 2018). WHAT DOES THIS IMPLY FOR CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS AND FLOWS OF PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE AND WHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT THE TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE? HOW CAN WE RECONCILE THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE NH RESULTS AND STELLAR OCCULTATION THERMAL PROFILES? ARE RECENT MODELS INVOKING HAZE AS PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERIC COOLANT (ZHANG ET AL. 2017) CONSISTENT WITH STELLAR OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS? Q2. WHAT IS THE SOURCE AND EFFECT OF PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERIC WAVES? THERE IS ABUNDANT EVIDENCE FOR WAVE ACTIVITY IN PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE: SCINTILLATIONS ("SPIKES") IN STELDLAR OCCULTATION LIGHTCURVES (TOIGO ET AL. 2010; FRENCH ET AL. 2015; PASACHOFF ET AL. 2005 2015) AND WAVE-LIKE FEATURES IN THE VERTICAL THERMAL PROFILES DERIVED FROM HIGH-SNR OCCULTATIONS INDICATE THAT THE WAVES ARE REGIONALLY AND/OR TEMPORALLY VARIABLE. PREVIOUSLY WE HAVE SUGGESTED THAT PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERIC WAVES ARE DRIVEN BY VERTICAL FLOW AT THE SURFACE RESULTING FROM A DIURNAL CYCLE IN THE SUBLIMATION AND CONDENSATION OF SURFACE ICES (TOIGO ET AL. 2010; FRENCH ET AL. 2015). HOWEVER NEW HORIZONS OBSERVATIONS PROVIDE CLEAR EVIDENCE OF KM-SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF (MOORE ET AL. 2016) RAISING THE POSSIBILITY THAT PLUTO'S OBSERVED INERTIA-GRAVITY WAVES MAY INSTEAD (OR ADDITIONALLY) BE OROGRAPHIC IN ORIGIN. ARE WAVES IN PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE DRIVEN MORE BY SUBLIMATION OR BY TOPOGRAPHY? HOW DO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE WAVES COMPARE TO OBSERVATIONS (GLADSTONE ET AL. 2016; CHENG ET AL. 2017) OF THIN LAYERS OF HAZES IN THE ATMOSPHERE? OUR WORK DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE PRIME FACIE CONTRADICTION BETWEEN ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES INFERRED FROM YEARS OF EARTH-BASED OCCULTATIONS AND THE NEW HORIZONS OBSERVATIONS. AT THE CONCLUSION OF THIS INVESTIGATION WE WILL HAVE A MUCH DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF TWO POSSIBLE MECHANISMS FOR COOLING THE ATMOSPHERE OF PLUTO: ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR OR PHOTOCHEMICAL HAZE AND HOW THOSE FACTORS INFLUENCE THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND STRUCTURE. THIS IS CRITICAL TO UNDERSTANDING HOW PLUTO'S ATMOSPHERE MAINTAINS THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM. ADDITIONALLY WE WILL UNDERSTAND HOW ATMOSPHERIC WAVES ARE GENERATED ON PLUTO: BY DIURNALLY-DRIVEN FROST SUBLIMATION AND CONDENSATION AND/OR BY HORIZONTAL FLOW OVER TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF. WE WILL DETERMINE THE PREDICTED WAVELENGTHS STRENGTHS VERTICAL EXTENT AND VARIABILITY (BOTH REGIONAL AND TEMPORAL) OF THE MODELED WAVES IN EACH CASE AND COMPARE THEIR ABILITY TO ACCOUNT FOR THE OBSERVED VARIABILITY OF WAVE CHARACTERISTICS IN A RICH SET OF HIGH-SNR STELLAR OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS AS WELL AS HAZE OBSERVATIONS FROM NEW HORIZONS.
$434,973Wellesley College · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Control of Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation
$434,954Gary S. Stein · Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester · R01 · FY2011 · AR
Genetic influences on alcoholism vulnerability in American Indians
$434,848David Goldman · National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism · ZIA · FY2021 · AA
Dynamics of Vocal Tract Shaping
$434,750Shrikanth Narayanan · University Of Southern California · R01 · FY2010 · DC
C. elegans olfactory adaptation
$434,740Noelle D L 'etoile · University Of California At Davis · R01 · FY2007 · DC
Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents
$434,657David A. Brent · University Of Pittsburgh At Pittsburgh · R01 · FY2006 · MH
Robotic Natural Orifice Skull Base Surgery
$434,657Robert James Webster · Vanderbilt University · R01 · FY2014 · EB
A novel preclinical model of spontaneous metastasis
$434,638Glenn T. Merlino · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2010 · CA
High-throughput Screen for Discovery of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
$434,563Wilfried Rossoll · Mayo Clinic Jacksonville · R33 · FY2021 · NS
Inactivity and Enhanced Sympathoexcitation: Role of Neuroplasticity in the RVLM
$434,502Patrick J Mueller · Wayne State University · R01 · FY2012 · HL
Defining The Mechanisms by Which NEK1 Genetic Variants Associated with ALS Patient Motor Neurons Lead to Motor Neuron Degeneration
$434,500Evangelos Kiskinis · Northwestern University At Chicago · R21 · FY2019 · NS
Prolonged Smoking Cessation Using Prescription Step Care
$434,434Robert C Klesges · University Of Tennessee Health Sci Ctr · R01 · FY2008 · CA
Gene Interaction in Development and Disease
$434,429Miriam H Meisler · University Of Michigan At Ann Arbor · R01 · FY2024 · GM
EASTERN COOPERATIVE ONCOLOGY GROUP CLINICAL TRIALS
$434,415Northwestern University · U10 · FY2003 · CA
EASTERN COOPERATIVE ONCOLOGY GROUP CLINICAL TRIALS
$434,415Northwestern University · U10 · FY2002 · CA
Genetic predisposition and misdiagnosis of cancer in All of Us participants
$434,379Matthew H Bailey · Brigham Young University · R15 · FY2024 · CA
Targeting exosomal PDL1 to improve immunotherapy
$434,375Wei Guo · Wistar Institute · P50 · FY2021 · CA
Chemistry and Structure of Grain and Phase Boundaries: Importance for Trace Element Storage and Transport in the Mantle
$434,199David L Kohlstedt · University Of Minnesota-Twin Cities · · FY2004 · GEO
Pathogenesis of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis in the Diabetic State
$434,166Sudha B Biddinger · Boston Children'S Hospital · R01 · FY2011 · HL
Cross-regulation of Immunometabolism and Circadian Pathways in Obesity Pathophysiology
$434,149Joseph T Bass · Northwestern University At Chicago · R01 · FY2025 · DK
Investigating addictive/compulsive feeding behavior
$434,113Michael J. Krashes · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2022 · DK
Unraveling hippocampal networks related to food memories
$434,113Michael J. Krashes · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2022 · DK
Probing neural circuits underlying satiety
$434,113Michael J. Krashes · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2022 · DK