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38,696 grants matching “als”
Epigenetic Editing of Mutant C9orf72
$473,444Edward Byung-Ha Lee · University Of Pennsylvania · R01 · FY2020 · NS
Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss -- A Collaborative Study
$473,392Richard J Smith · University Of Iowa · R01 · FY2008 · DC
Genetic and Environmental Regulation of Diaphragm Development and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias
$473,391Gabrielle Kardon · University Of Utah · R01 · FY2021 · HD
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 Gene and Gene Product
$473,383Stefan M. Pulst · University Of Utah · R56 · FY2013 · NS
Circadian Control of Brain-peripheral Immune Response After Stroke
$473,231Elga Esposito · Massachusetts General Hospital · R01 · FY2025 · NS
Genetic etiology of Fronto-Temporal Dementia
$473,193Bryan Traynor · National Institute On Aging · ZIA · FY2014 · AG
MEMORY SYSTEMS OF THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN
$473,096University Of California San Diego · R01 · FY2003 · MH
The function of MS4A3 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis
$473,053Michael W Deininger · Versiti Blood Health, Inc. · R01 · FY2025 · CA
Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2) and Protein Citrullination in ALS
$473,033Zuoshang Xu · Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester · R01 · FY2024 · NS
Immunology of Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis in Humans
$473,033Barbara Rehermann · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · Z01 · FY2008 · DK
IMPACT PROCESSES ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE RESULTING SHOCK EFFECTS IN METEORITES PROVIDE A RECORD OF IMPACTS AND SOLAR SYSTEM DYNAMICS (SCOTT 2002; CONSOLMAGNO AND BRITT 2004). HOWEVER MOST OF WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ABOUT SHOCK METAMORPHISM IN ORDINARY CHONDRITES AND MARTIAN METEORITES REPRESENTS RELATIVELY LATE SOLAR SYSTEM IMPACT EVENTS (SWINDLE ET AL. 2014; MOSER ET AL. 2013). OUR KNOWLEDGE OF HIGHLY SHOCKED METEORITES IS STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY THE LARGE QUANTITY OF SHOCKED L CHONDRITES WHICH WERE PREDOMINANTLY SHOCKED IN A LARGE IMPACT EVENT AT 470 MA (TURNER 1969; BOGARD ET AL. 1976; KOROCHANTSEVA ET AL. 2007; HECK ET AL. 2008; WEIRICH ET AL. 2012). AS A RESULT WE KNOW RELATIVELY LITTLE ABOUT SHOCK EFFECTS FROM SOLAR SYSTEM IMPACT EVENTS OLDER THAN 4150 MA. 40AR/39AR AGES OF IMPACTS IN ORDINARY CHONDRITES (TURNER 1969; BOGARD ET AL. 1976; TURNER 1978; BOGARD 1995; KOROCHANTSEVA ET AL. 2007; SWINDLE ET AL. 2009; SWINDLE ET AL. 2014) DEMONSTRATE THAT MANY CHONDRITES HAVE EXPERIENCED IMPACT EVENTS>4150 MA. THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE SHOCK EFFECTS SHOCK CONDITIONS ANNEALING AND IMPACT AGES IN THE EARLIEST SHOCKS RECORDED IN ORDINARY CHONDRITES TO BETTER UNDERSTAND IMPACT PROCESSES IN THE FIRST 400 MA OF SOLAR SYSTEM HISTORY. SHOCK EFFECTS IN METEORITES ARE WELL PRESERVED IN RAPIDLY QUENCHED SAMPLES BUT THEY CAN BE PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY ANNEALED AFTER SHOCK OR DURING THERMAL METAMORPHISM. DEFORMATION AND TRANSFORMATIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES THAT SURVIVE CAN BE USED TO INVESTIGATE BOTH SHOCK AND POST-SHOCK PROCESSES. 40AR/39AR AGES PROVIDE A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF IMPACT EVENTS IN METEORITES IN ADDITION TO CONSTRAINTS ON TIME-TEMPERATURE HISTORIES (SWINDLE ET AL. 2014). WE PROPOSE TO PERFORM DETAILED MINERALOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CHONDRITES SHOCKED IN THE OLDEST POST-ACCRETION IMPACT PROCESSES. WE WILL USE POLARIZED-LIGHT MICROSCOPY TO CLASSIFY THE SHOCK STAGE AND MAP OUT LOCAL SHOCK MELTING AND TRANSFORMATION IN SAMPLES THAT HAVE 40AR/39AR AGES>4150 MA. WE WILL USE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY DIFFRACTION TO IDENTIFY HIGH-PRESSURE MINERALS FORMED BY SHOCK. WE WILL USE BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING AND ENERGY DISPERSIVE ANALYSIS WITH OUR FIELD-EMISSION SEMS TO CHARACTERIZE NANO-SCALE DEFORMATION MELTING AND REACTION MICROSTRUCTURES. WE WILL USE THE FOCUSED-ION-BEAM LIFT-OUT TECHNIQUE TO PREPARE SAMPLES FOR ANALYTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (TEM). TEM WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE NANO-MINERALOGY NANOMETER-SCALE REACTION STRUCTURES DEFORMATION MICROSTRUCTURES AND ANNEALING EFFECTS. FINALLY WE WILL USE 40AR/39AR DATING TO REFINE THE AGES OF SOME OF THE OLDEST SHOCKED SAMPLES TO BETTER EVALUATE THE TIMING OF EARLY IMPACT PROCESSES. THESE DATA COMBINED WITH PUBLISHED 40AR/39AR AGE DATA WILL BE USED TO PROVIDE A DETAILED RECORD OF SHOCK EFFECTS SHOCK CONDITIONS AND POST-SHOCK ANNEALING IN THE OLDEST SHOCKED MATERIALS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. THIS DATA WILL PROVIDE NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF IMPACTS AND SHOCK IN THE METAMORPHISM OF ASTEROIDS IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
$472,998Arizona State University · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
CHIRAL MOLECULES ARE LIKELY TO HAVE BEEN IMPORTANT EARLY IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH BECAUSE BIOLOGICAL POLYMERS (E.G. PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS) ARE HOMOCHIRAL: THEIR MONOMERS CONSIST OF ONLY ONE OF THE TWO POSSIBLE ENANTIOMERS. HOWEVER NATURALLY OCCURRINGCOMMON ABIOTIC SYNTHETIC PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE TODAY OR IN THE EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM WERE GENERALLY ASSUMED TO PRODUCE ONLY RACEMIC MIXTURES WHICH ARE EQUAL AMOUNTS OF ENANTIOMERS. THE FACT THAT LIFE ON EARTH HAS STRICT HOMOCHIRALITY MIGHT IMPLY THAT VERY EARLY THERE WERE UBIQUITOUS AND DETERMINING PHYSICAL FORCES THAT DIRECTED THE DIRECTION OF ENANTIOMER EXCESSES IN ORGANIC BIOPOLYMERS (E.G. THEY PREFERENTIALLY AIDED THE SYNTHESIS OF "L" AMINO ACIDS AND "D" SUGARS). HOWEVER THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF EXPERIMENTS THAT ATTEMPT TO CREATE ENANTIOMER EXCESSES BEGIN WITH PRE-MADE (PRE-SYNTHESIZED) PAIRS OF ENANTIOMERS E.G. THE SLIGHT PREFERENTIAL DESTRUCTION OF ONE ENANTIOMER BY RIGHT OR LEFT CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LIGHT (FLORES BONNER AND MASSEY 1977 JACS). LIKEWISE RESEARCH ON COMBINED MAGNETISM PLUS RADIATION (PHOTO-MAGNETIC) EFFECTS HAS SO FAR BEEN APPLIED (MOSTLY THEORETICALLY) TO INORGANIC COMPLEXES (ALSO ASSUMING PRE-EXISTING ENANTIOMERS) RESULTING IN THE PRODUCTION OF VERY SMALL (~ 10-4) EXCESSES BETWEEN ENANTIOMERS (RIKKEN AND RAUPACH 2000 NATURE). HOWEVER WE PROPOSE THAT PHOTO-MAGNETIC EFFECTS DURING ACTUAL SYNTHETIC REACTIONS (FORMOSE-LIKE REACTIONS) MIGHT BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SIGNIFICANT ENANTIOMER EXCESSES. THE PRODUCTS OF THESE REACTIONS WOULD BE BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: SUCH REACTIONS MAY HAVE BEEN SIGNIFICANT ON THE EARLY EARTH AND OTHER SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES. PRELIMINARY RESULTS GIVE HINTS OF THIS POSSIBILITY. THIS PROPOSED WORK WOULD UTILIZE LABORATORY SIMULATIONS ORGANIC ANALYSES AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY (MAGNETIC EFFECTS ON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS) TO INVESTIGATE THE SCENARIO THAT RADIATION AND MAGNETISM MAY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN THE EARLY GENERATION OF ENANTIOMER EXCESSES LIKELY REQUIRED FOR SUBSEQUENT LIFE. THE MAJOR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES WILL INCLUDE CHIRAL ANALYSES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHYMASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MS AND POLARIMETRY. EQUIPMENT FOR SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS WILL INCLUDE LAMPS AND MAGNETS OF VARIOUS INTENSITIES. THE GOALS OF THIS PROPOSAL ARE HIGHLY RELEVANT TO THOSE OF NASA AND THE EXOBIOLOGY PROGRAM. ONE OF THE EMPHASES OF THE EXOBIOLOGY PROGRAM IS "PREBIOTIC EVOLUTION": ..."A MAJOR OBJECTIVE IS DETERMINING WHAT CHEMICAL SYSTEMS COULD HAVE SERVED AS PRECURSORS OF METABOLIC AND REPLICATING SYSTEMS ON EARTH AND ELSEWHERE ...". IT IS VERY POSSIBLE THAT PREBIOTIC HOMOCHIRALITY OR AT LEAST SIGNIFICANT ENANTIOMER EXCESSES MIGHT HAVE BEEN A NECESSARY PRECURSOR OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. IN LABORATORY MODEL SYSTEMS NUCLEIC ACID POLYMERS DO NOT FORM TO A SIGNIFICANT EXTENT IF THEIR MONOMER BUILDING BLOCKS ARE RACEMIC E.G. G. JOYCE ET AL. 1984 PNAS. SUCH RESULTS MIGHT IMPLY THAT REPLICATING MOLECULES (AS WE KNOW THEM) REQUIRED NEAR-HOMOCHIRAL BUILDING BLOCKS. OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH MAY AT LEAST REVEAL A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF CREATING ENANTIOMER EXCESSES IN SUCH PRECURSORS DURING THE ACTUAL SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS FROM REALISTIC AND WIDELY AVAILABLE PREBIOTIC MOLECULES.
$472,993Blue Marble Space · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Human Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Congenital Hydrocephalus
$472,978Kristopher Kahle · Massachusetts General Hospital · R01 · FY2024 · NS
Outer Membrane Proteins of Francisella tularensis as Acellular Vaccines
$472,844Michael V Norgard · University Of Texas Med Br Galveston · U54 · FY2009 · AI
Regional and Genetic Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
$472,825Gordon J Fishell · New York University School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2013 · MH
Regional and Genetic Diversity of Cortical Interneurons
$472,825Gordon J Fishell · New York University School Of Medicine · R01 · FY2013 · MH
Proteins From Hereditary Eye Diseases: In-silico and Experimental Studies
$472,784Yuri Sergeev · National Eye Institute · ZIA · FY2013 · EY
Elucidating the Role of the Tumor Suppressor KEAP1 in Antitumor Immunity
$472,730Antonio Marzio · Weill Medical Coll Of Cornell Univ · R01 · FY2025 · CA
Role of Tat and SIRT1 in the T-cell Hyperactivation Syndrome Induced by HIV-1
$472,725Melanie Maria Ott · J. David Gladstone Institutes · R01 · FY2014 · AI
Role of Tat and SIRT1 in the T-cell Hyperactivation Syndrome Induced by HIV-1
$472,725Melanie Maria Ott · J. David Gladstone Institutes · R01 · FY2012 · AI
Novel gene therapy strategies for Canavan disease
$472,725Guang-Ping Gao · Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester · R01 · FY2016 · NS
Novel gene therapy strategies for Canavan disease
$472,725Guang-Ping Gao · Univ Of Massachusetts Med Sch Worcester · R01 · FY2015 · NS
Role of Tat and SIRT1 in the T-cell Hyperactivation Syndrome Induced by HIV-1
$472,725Melanie Maria Ott · J. David Gladstone Institutes · R01 · FY2011 · AI
Pharmacology & ImmunoPathology (PIP) Core
$472,717Veronique Dartois · Weill Medical Coll Of Cornell Univ · U19 · FY2022 · AI
Native Navigators and the Cancer Continuum (NNACC)
$472,656Linda Burhansstipanov · Native American Cancer Research · R24 · FY2008 · MD