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38,696 grants matching “als”
HIGH AL-CONTENT ALGAN ALLOYS FOR DEEP UV LASER APPLICATIONS
$478,500Texas Tech University System · · FY2008 · Department of the Army
PREVENTION OF POSTRAPE PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND DRUG ABUSE
$478,378Medical University Of South Carolina · R01 · FY2003 · DA
The Molecular Basis of Liquid-like Structure of the Nucleolus
$478,298Richard W Kriwacki · St. Jude Children'S Research Hospital · R01 · FY2017 · GM
ToxMSDT: An Innovative Toxicology Pathway mentoring program targeting underrepresented STEM students
$478,228Wilson Kiiza Rumbeiha · University Of California At Davis · R25 · FY2021 · GM
National Comorbidity Survey - Adolescent (NCS-A)
$478,217Kathleen R Merikangas · National Institute Of Mental Health · ZIA · FY2015 · MH
Community Engagement and Outreach Core
$478,175Carol Estwing Ferrans · University Of Illinois At Chicago · P60 · FY2010 · MD
Parent-Child Communication About Cancer
$478,168Bruce E Compas · Vanderbilt University · R01 · FY2010 · CA
GSE/RES: Attributional Gender Bias: Investigating Teachers' Explanations for Girls' vs. Boys' Performance in Math
$478,166Penelope P Espinoza · University Of Texas At El Paso · · FY2006 · EDU
The role of Spo11 in mammalian meiosis
$478,149Rafael Camerini-Otero · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2010 · DK
Outer Membrane Proteins of Francisella tularensis as Acellular Vaccines
$478,115Michael V Norgard · University Of Texas Med Br Galveston · U54 · FY2011 · AI
Geographic Variability in Time from HIV Diagnosis to Viral Suppression in the Deep South: A Roadmap to Accelerated Treatment Initiation
$478,103Aadia Rana · University Of Alabama At Birmingham · R01 · FY2019 · AI
Articulatory Kinematics in Neurogenic Speech Disorders
$478,091University Of Wisconsin Madison · R01 · FY2004 · DC
Fabrication, perfusion and imaging of pre-vascularized tissue scaffolds
$478,080Mary E Dickinson · Baylor College Of Medicine · R01 · FY2011 · HL
Genetic Susceptibility And The Environment In Cancer Risk
$478,052Jack A Taylor · National Institute Of Environmental Health Sciences · ZIA · FY2010 · ES
Anti-epileptogenic role of mTOR activation among hippocampal interneurons
$478,018Steve C Danzer · Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr · R01 · FY2024 · NS
Cognitive Processing and Sentence Comprehension in SLI
$477,999James W Montgomery · Ohio University Athens · R01 · FY2011 · DC
Specification of Dorsal Lbx1-Derived Interneurons
$477,884Salk Institute For Biological Studies · R01 · FY2004 · NS
COTTON IS AN IMPORTANT CROP IN THE UNITED STATES (US) AND TEXAS IS THE LEADING PRODUCER OF THIS COMMODITY, PLANTED ON ABOUT 7.8 MILLION ACRES IN 2018 (NASS 2019), WITH A DIRECT SALES VALUE OF $2.7 BILLION AND AN ECONOMIC IMPACT OF $24 BILLION ANNUALLY INCLUSIVE OF ALL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES (OTA 2019). IN ADDITION TO THE FIBER, COTTONSEED IS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE INDUSTRY, WHICH IS OFTEN OVERLOOKED. IN 2018, TEXAS PRODUCED ABOUT 2 MILLION TONS OF COTTONSEED, WITH A SALES VALUE OF $341 MILLION (NASS 2019). THOUGH THE MAJORITY (~97%) OF THE CURRENT US ORGANIC COTTON IS PRODUCED IN TEXAS, THE ACREAGE IS STILL VERY LOW (APPROX. 14,000 ACRES, ONLY 0.2% OF ALL COTTON ACRES IN TX) AND IS MAINLY CONCENTRATED IN THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS. THERE IS A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR EXPANDING ORGANIC COTTON PRODUCTION IN THE STATE, PARTICULARLY IN THE CENTRAL AND GULF COAST TEXAS REGIONS, BUT KNOWLEDGE GAPS EXIST FOR TRANSITIONING FROM CONVENTIONAL TO ORGANIC COTTON, INCLUDING ORGANIC DEFOLIATION METHODS, CONSERVATION TILLAGE, AND COVER CROP SYSTEMS FOR WEED MANAGEMENT, SOIL NUTRIENT DYNAMICS AND GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION POTENTIAL. THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO HELP BRIDGE THE KNOWLEDGE GAPS THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND OUTREACH.RESEARCH: DEVELOPING ORGANICALLY-APPROVED DEFOLIATION METHODS CAN GREATLY BENEFIT ORGANIC COTTON GROWERS. IN THIS REGARD, SOME OF THE NONSYNTHETIC NATURAL PRODUCT HERBICIDES DEVELOPED FOR USE IN OTHER ORGANIC SYSTEMS CAN BE EVALUATED FOR THEIR UTILITY AS A DEFOLIANT IN COTTON. OMRI ENSURES THAT THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE PRODUCTS MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NOP GUIDELINES, BUT IT DOES NOT EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF THE PRODUCTS FOR THEIR HERBICIDAL PROPERTIES. DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND COMBINATIONS OF PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AND OTHER NATURAL PRODUCTS WILL BE TESTED FOR THEIR EFFECTIVENESS AS A DEFOLIANT FOR COTTON.WEEDS PRESENT THE MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGE FOR ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION, AND ECONOMICAL WEED MANAGEMENT IS TOUTED AS THE PRIME CONSTRAINT FOR TRANSITIONING TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE (CAVIGELLI ET AL. 2008; POSNER ET AL. 2008; LIEBMAN AND DAVIS 2009). REMOVAL OF TILLAGE FROM ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEMS WARRANTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ROBUST NON-CHEMICAL WEED MANAGEMENT TACTICS. INTEGRATION OF COVER CROPS CAN PROVIDE EFFECTIVE WEED MANAGEMENT, IN ADDITION TO IMPROVING SOIL HEALTH AND PROVIDING OTHER ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS (TEASDALE 1996; GALLANDT ET AL. 1999; HARTWIG AND AMMON 2002). GROWERS CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE EXTENDED GROWING SEASON (SEP TO NOV) IN THE CENTRAL AND GULF COAST REGIONS AND PLANT A SHORT-DURATION COVER CROP AFTER COTTON HARVEST (TYPICALLY HARVESTED IN THE REGION BY THE END OF AUG) TO SUPPRESS POST-HARVEST RECRUITS OF PROBLEMATIC SUMMER-ANNUAL WEEDS SUCH AS PALMER AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS PALMERI), WATERHEMP (A. TUBERCULATUS), AND RAGWEED PARTHENIUM (PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS) THROUGH LIVE BIOMASS. FURTHER, LATE FALL-PLANTED WINTER COVER CROPS CAN FACILITATE IN-SEASON SUPPRESSION OF WINTER ANNUAL WEEDS THROUGHLIVE BIOMASS AND SUPPRESSION OF SUMMER ANNUAL WEEDS THROUGH COVER CROP RESIDUES.AGRONOMIC PRACTICES IN CENTRAL AND GULF COAST TEXAS ARE CURRENTLY DOMINATED BY INTENSIVE TILLAGE SYSTEMS (I.E. CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE). MANY ORGANIC FARMERS RELY ON TILLAGE AND ROW CULTIVATION FOR WEED MANAGEMENT (TEASDALE AND MIRSKY 2015). THIS POSES A GREAT CHALLENGE TO ORGANIC FARMING. THERE IS UNEQUIVOCAL RESEARCH EVIDENCE THAT TILLAGE AND REPEATED CULTIVATIONS DEGRADE SOIL QUALITY (WIENHOLD AND HALVORSON 1998; LAL 2015). LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS CULTIVATION ALSO LEADS TO SOIL EROSION, INCREASED EMISSION OF GHGS SUCH AS CO2, AND REDUCED CARBON SEQUESTRATION, IN ADDITION TO ADDED LABOR AND ENERGY COSTS.IN THIS RESEARCH, WE WILL EVALUATE VARIOUS SUMMER AS WELL AS WINTER COVER CROP SPECIES AND COMPARE CONVENTIONAL AND CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS. OBSERVATIONS WILL INCLUDE SOIL MOISTURE DYNAMICS, WEED SUPPRESSION, SOIL FERTILITY, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, AND CROP BIOMASS AND YIELD.OUTREACH AND EDUCATIONDEVELOPING AND DELIVERING PERTINENT OUTREACH ACTIVITIES IS IMPERATIVE TO PROVIDE CRITICAL PRODUCTION INFORMATION AND BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TO GROWERS IN A TIMELY MANNER. DEMONSTRATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THESE BEST PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS WILL PARTICULARLY ENTICE OTHER FARMERS CONSIDERING ON TRANSITIONING TO ORGANIC PRODUCTION. TO BE EFFECTIVE, THESE DEMONSTRATIONS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED IN PARTICIPATING GROWER FIELDS. THIS WILL ALLOW THE FARMERS TO SEE FOR THEMSELVES THE BENEFITS OF IMPROVED PRODUCTION PRACTICES, AND THE INFORMATION WILL SUBSEQUENTLY DISSEMINATE TO OTHER FARMERS THROUGH 'WORD OF MOUTH'. FURTHER, PROVIDING TRAINING AND SUPPORT ON ORGANIC CERTIFICATION PROCESS WILL ASSIST GROWERS AND OFFER A POSITIVE EXPERIENCE WHILE TRANSITIONING TO ORGANIC COTTON PRODUCTION. THERE IS A LACK OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL AND OUTREACH BULLETINS ON ORGANIC COTTON PRODUCTION. DEVELOPING ROBUST EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL ON DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION WILL ALLOW THE GROWERS DEVELOP A GOOD UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASICS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION. ENGAGEMENT OF COUNTY EXTENSION AGENTS SHOULD BE AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE OUTREACH PLAN BECAUSE THEY ARE THE FIRST POINT OF CONTACT FOR INFORMATION BY THE GROWERS. ADDITIONALLY, TRAINING GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS WITH ORGANIC PRODUCTION PRACTICES CAN PROVIDE LONG-TERM BENEFITS SINCE THESE STUDENTS ARE THE ONES WHO WILL GREATLY INFLUENCE THE FUTURE OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION, AS FARMERS, RENTED OPERATORS, FIELD AGRONOMISTS, RESEARCH SCIENTISTS, EXTENSION PERSONNEL, POLICY MAKERS, AS WELL AS PROGRESSIVE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC. OUR OUTREACH AND EDUCATION PLAN WILL ADDRESS THESE CRITICAL ASPECTS.
$477,820Texas A&M Agrilife Research · · FY2019 · National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Mammalian L1 retrotransposon replication
$477,808Anthony V. Furano · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2022 · DK
Increasing nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy rates using intraoperative nonlinear microscopy
$477,789James G Fujimoto · Massachusetts Institute Of Technology · R01 · FY2022 · CA
Studies of NMJ structure and function in mutant FUS-ALS and beyond
$477,773Piera Pasinelli · Thomas Jefferson University · R56 · FY2015 · NS
Sertraline Pharmacotherapy for Alcoholism Subtypes
$477,692University Of Connecticut Sch Of Med/Dnt · R01 · FY2004 · AA
WE HAVE TWO RELATED OBJECTIVES FOR THIS PROPOSED PROJECT. THE FIRST IS MOTIVATED BY THE DESIRE TO FULLY EXPLORE THE INFORMATION CONTENT IN A-TRAIN DATA AS IT PERTAINS TO MBL SHALLOW CONVECTIVE CLOUDS. THIS ACTIVITY WHILE EXPANDING WHAT WE CAN LEARN FROM A-TRAIN ALSO HAS DIRECT APPLICATIONS TO DEVELOPING APPROACHES THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO THE NEXT GENERATION OF REMOTE SENSORS THAT ARE EXPECTED IN THE NEXT DECADE. THE SECOND OBJECTIVE IS MOTIVATED BY CONTEMPORARY INTEREST IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN REGION DUE TO ITS CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFIC CHALLENGES IN UNDERSTANDING CLOUD AND PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. GIVEN THAT THIS REGION IS MOSTLY REMOVED FROM DIRECT ANTHROPOGENIC AND EVEN CONTINENTAL INFLUENCES WE CAN EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL FOR A-TRAIN DATA OVER THIS REGION TO ADDRESS FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS REGARDING CLOUD-PRECIPITATION PROCESSES AND EVEN CLIMATE FEEDBACKS ASSOCIATED WITH MBL CLOUDS. THESE OBJECTIVES CAN BE SUMMARIZED WITH SPECIFIC TASKS AS FOLLOWS: 1. AUGMENTED BY THE GEOSTATIONARY IMAGERY TIME SERIES EXPLORE THE CAPACITY FOR A-TRAIN DATA TO CHARACTERIZE THE CLOUD-PRECIPITATION MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES IN MBL SHALLOW CONVECTIVE CLOUDS. THIS WILL ENTAIL THE FOLLOWING TASKS: A. ADAPT TRACKING ALGORITHMS TO FOLLOW BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUD COMPLEXES IN HIGH TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION GEOSTATIONARY IMAGERY SEQUENCES THAT BRACKET A-TRAIN TRACKS. B. ESTIMATE THE LIFECYCLE STATES OF THE CLOUD ELEMENTS SAMPLED BY THE A-TRAIN SENSORS ALLOWING FOR MORE TAILORED APPLICATION OF CLOUD STATE PRIOR DATA IN RETRIEVALS. C. APPLY EXISTING CLOUD-PRECIPITATION PROCESS RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS (MACE ET AL. 2016; MACE AND AVEY; 2017) TO A-TRAIN DATA TO DEVELOP LONG-TERM STATISTICS OF THE CLOUD-PRECIPITATION MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES. D. EXPLORE NEW RETRIEVAL APPROACHES AS FOLLOWS: I. INCORPORATE ICE-PHASE PRECIPITATION SCATTERING PROPERTIES IN SHALLOW CONVECTIVE CLOUDS WHERE ICE PHASE IS INDICATED. II. INCORPORATE W-BAND PATH INTEGRATED ATTENUATION (PIA) IN RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM III. INCORPORATE CALIPSO ATTENUATION-DEPOLARIZATION RATIO RELATION IN RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM IV. USE MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO TECHNIQUES TO CHARACTERIZE THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF SPECIFIC MEASUREMENT COMBINATIONS. 2. WITH ADVANCED RESEARCH-GRADE ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED WITH PRIOR FUNDING AND OBJECTIVE 1 ADDRESS RELEVANT SCIENCE QUESTIONS IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN REGION: A. BY COMPOSITING CLOUDS INTO METEOROLOGICAL REGIMES BASED ON LARGE-SCALE FORCING USE EMERGENT CONSTRAINT TECHNIQUES (KLEIN ET AL 2015) TO EXAMINE THE SENSITIVITY OF MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND PRECIPITATION PRODUCING PROCESSES IN SHALLOW CONVECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE REGIME AND LARGE-SCALE FORCING. EXAMINE CLOUD PHASE FEEDBACKS AND PHASE PARTITIONING IN MBL CLOUDS AS A FUNCTION OF SEASON AND LARGE-SCALE REGIME.
$477,682University Of Utah · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
PLUTO HAS 5 SATELLITES: MASSIVE CHARON PLUS 4 SMALL EXTERIOR MOONS STYX NIX KERBEROS AND HYDRA. THE SMALL MOON MASSES AND DENSITIES WERE EXTREMELY UNCERTAIN PRIOR TO NEW HORIZONS AND REMAIN POORLY CONSTRAINED EVEN AFTER THE ANALYSIS OF DATA BY THE NEW HORIZONS TEAM DETAILED IN WEAVER ET AL. (2016). THAT WORK REPORTED APPROXIMATE SIZES FOR THE MOONS BUT NOT THEIR MASSES OR DENSITIES DUE TO MASS UNCERTAINTIES AS HIGH AS 100%. BETTER DETERMINATION OF THE OUTER MOON PROPERTIES IS CRUCIAL TO INTERPRETING THE HISTORY OF THESE OBJECTS AND THE ENTIRE PLUTO SYSTEM. CHARON LIKELY FORMED BY A GIANT IMPACT WITH PLUTO. THE SMALL MOON ORBITS ARE NEARLY CO-PLANAR AND CIRCULAR SUGGESTING THEY FORMED FROM A DISK PRODUCED BY THE SAME IMPACT THAT FORMED CHARON. HOWEVER SUCCESSFUL DESCRIPTIONS OF THIS PROCESS HAVE PROVED ELUSIVE AND PRIOR MODELS HAVE BEEN UNDERMINED BY UNCERTAINTY IN THE SMALL MOON MASSES AND THE DISK PROPERTIES. ACCURATE MASS ESTIMATES ARE NEEDED TO DETERMINE HOW THE RADIAL SURFACE DENSITY PROFILE OF A DISK PRODUCED BY AN IMPACT RELATES TO THE INITIAL POSITIONS OF THE OUTER MOONS AND THEREFORE TO THE DEGREE OF RADIAL MIGRATION REQUIRED FOR THE MOONS TO REACH THEIR CURRENT LOCATIONS. WE WILL DETERMINE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLUTO S SMALL MOONS THROUGH RE-ANALYSIS OF NEW HORIZONS DATA COMBINED WITH HST OBSERVATIONS (TASK 1) AND BASED ON THESE RESULTS WE WILL DEVELOP MUCH MORE ACCURATE MODELS OF A PLUTO-SYSTEM FORMING IMPACT (TASK 2). THE TWO TASKS ARE INTERCONNECTED: TASK 1 WILL PROVIDE THE SMALL MOON MASSES WHICH ARE CRITICAL INPUTS TO TASK 2 AND SUCCESSFUL TASK 2 RESULTS WILL CONSTRAIN THE ICE-ROCK CONTENT OF THE EXTENDED DISK WHICH WILL BE INCORPORATED INTO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SMALL MOON DENSITIES IN TASK 1 THAT MAY BE INSUFFICIENTLY CONSTRAINED BY SHAPE MODELS ALONE FOR SOME OF THE MOONS. OUR COMBINED STUDY WILL PROVIDE NEEDED INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR MODELS OF THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF PLUTO S SMALL MOONS. MORE BROADLY IT WILL PROVIDE MUCH HIGHER FIDELITY AND BETTER CONSTRAINED MODELS OF THE PLUTO-SYSTEM FORMING IMPACT CENTRAL TO UNDERSTANDING PLUTO AND CHARON S THERMAL AND DYNAMICAL EVOLUTIONS. IN TASK 1 WE WILL ANALYZE NEW HORIZONS (NH) APPROACH DATA FROM THE LONG RANGE RECONNAISSANCE IMAGER (LORRI) FRAMING CAMERA (CONTAINED IN THE FIRST PDS DATA RELEASE) IN COMBINATION WITH ARCHIVAL HST OBSERVATIONS OF THE SMALL MOONS TIED TO THE GAIA CATALOG TO PROVIDE GREATLY IMPROVED ASTROMETRY RELATIVE TO THAT REPORTED PREVIOUSLY. THIS IN COMBINATION WITH MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO DYNAMICAL SIMULATIONS WILL BE USED TO DETERMINE MASS ESTIMATES FOR THE SMALL MOONS. THE MASS ESTIMATES WILL BE COMBINED WITH SATELLITE SHAPE MODELS DEVELOPED FROM PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE NH IMAGES TO YIELD INITIAL DENSITY ESTIMATES. IN TASK 2 WE WILL PERFORM SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS (SPH) SIMULATIONS OF GIANT IMPACTS WITH PLUTO WITH UP TO A FACTOR OF 100 TIMES FINER MASS RESOLUTION THAN NEARLY ALL PRIOR MODELS. THESE WILL ALLOW US TO DETERMINE 1) THE OUTER EDGE OF THE DISK AT THE MASS LEVEL OF OUTERMOST HYDRA AND 2) THE DISK ICE VS. ROCK COMPOSITION. WE WILL DETERMINE (1) AND (2) AS A FUNCTION OF IMPACT PARAMETERS AND THE BULK PROPERTIES OF PROTO-PLUTO AND THE IMPACTOR PRIOR TO THE IMPACT. WE WILL IDENTIFY THE SUBSET OF IMPACTS WHOSE OUTCOMES ARE CONSISTENT WITH CHARON S MASS AND DENSITY AND THE SMALL MOON MASSES DETERMINED IN TASK 1 FAVORING THOSE CASES THAT PRODUCE THE MOST EXTENDED DISKS THAT MINIMIZE THE NEEDED SMALL MOON ORBITAL MIGRATION. THE ICE-ROCK CONTENT OF THE EXTENDED DISKS PRODUCED IN THE MOST SUCCESSFUL CASES WILL BE INCORPORATED INTO TASK S 1 INTERPRETATION OF THE SMALL MOON DENSITIES.
$477,626Southwest Research Institute · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Development of Identified Motoneurons
$477,554Judith S Eisen · University Of Oregon · R01 · FY2009 · NS