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38,696 grants matching “als”
structural characterization of iron uptake from human transferrin
$594,606Susan Buchanan · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2011 · DK
Population-Based Epidemiologic Research
$594,575Kathleen R Merikangas · National Institute Of Mental Health · ZIA · FY2023 · MH
1. OBJECTIVE AND SCIENCE GOALS THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO INVESTIGATE THE ORIGIN OF MAJOR ACTIVITY IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS (ARS). ARS THAT EXHIBIT COMPACT POLARITY INVERSION LINES (PILS) ARE KNOWN TO BE VERY FLARE-PRODUCTIVE. HOWEVER THE PHYSICAL MECHANISMS BEHIND THIS STATISTICAL INFERENCE HAVE NOT BEEN DEMONSTRATED CONCLUSIVELY. OUR PRELIMINARY WORK ON THE SUBJECT (CHINTZOGLOU ET AL 2018; UNDER REVIEW) HAS SHOWN THAT SUCH PILS CAN OCCUR DUE TO THE COLLISION BETWEEN TWO EMERGING FLUX TUBES WITHIN THE SAME AR (COLLISIONAL-PIL; CPIL). THE PROPOSED WORK WILL DETERMINE AND QUANTIFY THE DOMINANT MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAJOR ACTIVITY AT CPILS BY ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING MAJOR SCIENCE QUESTIONS: (Q1) WHICH ARE THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR MAJOR ERUPTIVE AND CONFINED FLARES IN SEVERAL GENERIC BUT REALISTIC MAGNETIC CONFIGURATIONS (USING SIMULATIONS INSPIRED FROM REAL OBSERVATIONS)? (Q2) WHICH MECHANISM(S) LEAD TO THE PRECURSOR PHASE OBSERVED BEFORE ERUPTING FLARES? (Q3) WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE 180 AMBIGUITY RESOLUTION IN RECOVERING MFR SIGNATURES IN SYNTHETIC MAGNETOGRAMS? 2. RELEVANCE THE PROPOSAL IS HIGHLY RELEVANT TO ONE HELIOPHYSICS DECADAL SURVEY SOLAR AND SPACE SCIENCE GOAL: DETERMINE THE ORIGINS OF THE SUN S ACTIVITY AND PREDICT THE VARIATIONS IN THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT. 3. METHODOLOGY REALISTIC MHD SIMULATIONS PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN INTERPRETING OBSERVATIONS AND UNDERSTATING PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN THE CORONA. IN THIS CONTEXT REALISM IS A COMPROMISE BETWEEN REALISTIC PHYSICS AND REALISTIC SETUPS. SIMULATIONS NEED TO INCLUDE A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF PHYSICS TO ALLOW FOR THE DIRECT COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS THROUGH FORWARD MODELING OF SYNTHETIC OBSERVABLES. AT THE SAME TIME SIMULATIONS NEED TO CAPTURE REALISTIC SETUPS IN TERMS OF THE LENGTH AND TIME-SCALES OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGION EVOLUTION WHICH REQUIRES COMPROMISES IN THE PHYSICS THAT ARE CAPTURED. FOR THE SCIENCE QUESTIONS ADDRESSED IN THE PROPOSAL THE BEST COMPROMISE ALONG THESE LINES IS GIVEN BY RADIATIVE MHD SIMULATIONS WITH CORONAL PHYSICS IN TERMS OF OPTICALLY-THIN RADIATIVE LOSS AND MAGNETIC FIELD ALIGNED HEAT CONDUCTION. SUCH MODELS CAPTURE THE DETAILS OF PHOTOSPHERIC AND SUB-PHOTOSPHERIC FLUX EMERGENCE AND COUPLE THAT DYNAMICALLY TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE OVERLYING CORONA. A DIRECT COMPARISON WITH OBSERVATIONS IN TERMS OF PHOTOSPHERIC VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS (SDO/ HMI) AND THERMAL EMISSION FROM THE CORONA (SDO/AIA) CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK. WE FOCUS ON DATA-INSPIRED SETUPS IN WHICH WE USE A COMBINATION OF (A) THE INITIAL STATE PRE-EXISTING FLUX (B) NEW FLUX EMERGENCE AND (C) FOOTPOINT MOTIONS OF SPOTS TO MIMIC TO OBSERVED BEHAVIOR FROM A LIST OF WELL-OBSERVED SUPER-ACTIVE ARS. THE MURAM CODE HAS A FLEXIBLE BOTTOM BOUNDARY CONDITION THAT ALLOWS TO SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF FLUX EMERGENCE TOGETHER WITH PROPERTIES SUCH AS STRENGTH EXTENT AND TWIST NECESSARY FOR THE FORMATION OF COLLISIONAL PILS. THE PRODUCTION OF REALISTIC SIMULATIONS OF ARS WILL PERMIT THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ERUPTION MECHANISMS IN CPILS FROM DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS WILL ELUCIDATE THE PHYSICS BEHIND THE SO-CALLED PRECURSOR PHASE IN CPILS BY STUDYING THE EVOLUTION BEFORE ERUPTIONS AND WILL ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH (TRAINED FROM ENSEMBLE DERIVED FROM THE SIMULATED CASES) TO CORRECT FOR THE 180 AMBIGUITY IN MAGNETOGRAM OBSERVATIONS
$594,545University Corporation For Atmospheric Research · · FY2020 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Clinical and Administrative
$594,500Bruce L Miller · University Of California, San Francisco · P01 · FY2012 · AG
3D Umbilical Venous Blood Flow - A New Paradigm for Improving the Assessment of Fetal Growth Restriction.
$594,483Wesley Lee · Baylor College Of Medicine · R01 · FY2023 · HD
Investigating Mixed Metal Chalcogenides for Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation: An Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Approach towards Materials Innovation
$594,443Manashi Nath · Missouri University Of Science And Technology · · FY2017 · MPS
Targeting antigen to dendritic cells in autoimmune diabetes
$594,400Kristin Tarbell · National Institute Of Diabetes And Digestive And Kidney Diseases · ZIA · FY2013 · DK
ESTROGEN, DIET, GENETICS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
$594,378Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Res · R01 · FY2003 · CA
A New Target for Chromatin Remodeler Defects in Cancer
$594,375Cheryl L Walker · Baylor College Of Medicine · R35 · FY2018 · CA
Youth Alcohol Use and Risky Sexual Behavior in Bangkok
$594,372Pamela Kay Cupp · Pacific Institute For Res And Evaluation · R01 · FY2008 · AA
TURBULENT MOTIONS IN THE CONVECTIVE ENVELOPE OF STARS EXCITE A RICH SPECTRUM OF OSCILLATION MODES. THE SUN IS THE BEST-STUDIED EXAMPLE AS SURFACE MOTIONS CAUSED BY ACOUSTIC WAVES CAN BE OBSERVED WITH HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION (SEE REVIEW BY CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD 2002). GROUND AND SPACE-BASED TELESCOPES PARTICULARLY THE COROT MISSION (BAGLIN ET AL. 2006) NASA'S KEPLER MISSION (BORUCKI ET AL. 2010) AND NASA'S TESS MISSION (RICKER ET AL. 2015) HAVE RECENTLY OBSERVED CONVECTIVELY-EXCITED ACOUSTIC AND /MIXED" MODES IN SUB-GIANT AND REDGIANT- BRANCH (RGB) STARS. MIXED MODES BEHAVE AS ACOUSTIC WAVES IN THE CONVECTIVE ENVELOPE AND AS INTERNAL-GRAVITY WAVES IN THE RADIATIVE CORE OF THE RGB STAR. THESE NEW OBSERVATIONS HAVE YIELDED A WEALTH OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERNAL AND GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF THOUSANDS OF RED GIANTS (SEE REVIEWS BY CHAPLIN AND MIGLIO 2013 HEKKER AND CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD 2017). HIGHLIGHTS INCLUDES POWERFUL SCALING RELATIONS THAT CONNECT SEISMIC PARAMETERS TO FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PARAMETERS (E.G. MASS RADII AND LUMINOSITY) AND MEASUREMENTS OF MIXED-MODE PERIOD SPACINGS WHICH MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DISTINGUISH AMONG HYDROGEN- AND HELIUM-BURNING RED GIANTS (BEDDING ET AL. 2011 MOSSER ET AL. 2011 STELLO ET AL. 2013 MOSSER ET AL. 2014) AND CONSTRAIN THE CORE ROTATION PRO_LE (BECK ET AL. 2012 MOSSER ET AL. 2012B DEHEUVELS ET AL. 2012 2014). THE PROPOSED WORK AND ITS RELATION TO PREVIOUS ASTEROSEISMIC STUDIES. MOST PREVIOUS STUDIES TREAT THESE OSCILLATION MODES AS SMALL PERTURBATIONS TO THE STAR WITH AMPLITUDES SET BY THE BALANCE OF TURBULENT DRIVING AND DAMPING DUE TO A COMBINATION OF RADIATIVE LOSSES AND TURBULENT VISCOSITY. NONLINEAR E_ECTS HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN INVESTIGATED IN THE SOLAR CONTEXT WITH NONLINEAR WAVE INTERACTIONS NEAR THE SURFACE CAUSING REDISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY AMONG MODES AS WELL AS DAMPING BY CONVERSION OF TRAPPED WAVES TO OUT-GOING TRAVELING WAVES (KUMAR AND GOLDREICH 1989B KUMAR ET AL. 1994B). THESE STUDIES FOUND THAT NONLINEAR E_ECTS HAVE ONLY A MODEST IMPACT ON THE OBSERVED AMPLITUDES AND LINEWIDTHS OF MODES IN THE SUN AT BEST COMPARABLE TO THE LINEAR E_ECTS. HOWEVER NONLINEAR E_ECTS MAY BE FAR MORE IMPORTANT IN RGB STARS THAN IN THE SUN AS SHOWN IN RECENT WORK BY THE PI AND CO-I (WEINBERG AND ARRAS 2019). THERE ARE TWO REASONS. FIRST MODE AMPLITUDES ARE OBSERVED TO INCREASE SIGNI_CANTLY AS STARS ASCEND THE RGB (SEE SECTION 1.1). THE LARGER MODE AMPLITUDES IN RGB STARS IMPLY THAT NONLINEAR UID FORCES WILL BE MORE IMPORTANT IN RGB STARS THAN FOR THE SUN. SECOND IN CONTRAST TO PURE ACOUSTIC WAVES MIXED MODES MAY HAVE VASTLY LARGER AMPLITUDES IN THE RADIATIVE CORE OF THE STAR. AS A RESULT NONLINEAR WAVE INTERACTIONS NEAR THE CENTER MAY BE EVEN MORE IMPORTANT THAN THOSE AT THE SURFACE. THIS IMPLIES A QUALITATIVELY NEW TYPE OF INTERACTION UNEXPLORED IN PREVIOUS STUDIES. GOALS AND EXPECTED SIGNI_CANCE. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO EXPLORE THE E_ECT OF NONLINEAR WAVE INTERACTIONS ON THE OSCILLATION MODES OBSERVED IN SUB-GIANT AND RED-GIANT-BRANCH STARS AS A FUNCTION OF MASS AND EVOLUTIONARY STAGE. NONLINEAR INTERACTIONS AMONG EXCITED MODES CAN CAUSE THE OBSERVED MODE AMPLITUDES FREQUENCIES AND LINEWIDTHS TO DI_ER FROM PREDICTIONS OF LINEAR THEORY. UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF NONLINEAR E_ECTS THEREFORE HAS POTENTIALLY IMPORTANT IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INTERPRETATION AND UNDERSTANDING OF ASTEROSEISMIC OBSERVATIONS.
$594,089University Of Texas At Arlington · · FY2021 · National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Vocational Outcomes for Youth With Substance Abuse Problems and High HIV Risk
$594,026Scott W Henggeler · Medical University Of South Carolina · R01 · FY2006 · DA
Role of myosin 1c in adaptation in the inner ear
$593,998Lynne M Coluccio · Boston Biomedical Research Institute · R01 · FY2008 · DC
Clinical Diagnostic Studies and Treatment of Patients with Immune Deficiencies
$593,980Suk De Ravin · National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases · ZIA · FY2014 · AI
Basic Research on Hematopoietic Human Stem Cells
$593,980Harry L Malech · National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases · ZIA · FY2014 · AI
Gene Therapy Basic Research to Treat Inherited Primary Immune Deficiencies
$593,980Harry L Malech · National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases · ZIA · FY2014 · AI
Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Transcriptional Activity of HIV Proviruses
$593,853Mary Kearney · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2016 · CA
Dynamics and Genetics of HIV Proviruses before and during Antiretroviral Therapy
$593,853Mary Kearney · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2016 · CA
Ultrasensitive Single-Genome Sequencing to Study HIV Transmission and Evolution
$593,853Mary Kearney · Division Of Basic Sciences - Nci · ZIA · FY2016 · CA
Memory CD8 T cell localization and protection from influenza
$593,838John T. Harty · University Of Iowa · R01 · FY2018 · AI
Neuroimaging Predictors Of Cognitive Change And Response To Therapy
$593,802Susan Resnick · National Institute On Aging · ZIA · FY2009 · AG
Fetal Alcohol in Monkeys: Dopamine and Behaivor
$593,762Mary L Schneider · University Of Wisconsin-Madison · R01 · FY2013 · AA
Statistical Analysis and Programming
$593,708Donna L Spiegelman · Harvard School Of Public Health · P01 · FY2009 · CA
Solute carrier proteins in efferocytosis and inflammation
$593,695Kodi S Ravichandran · University Of Virginia · R01 · FY2021 · AI
A trial of Connecting to prevent drug abuse and risky behaviors in foster teens
$593,577Kevin P Haggerty · University Of Washington · R01 · FY2015 · DA