THE SWEET PROTEIN BRAZZEIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE HUMAN TASTE RECEPTOR

University Of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI

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Abstract

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Obesity as a major public health issue has increased the interest in low-calorie, natural sweeteners. A prime candidate is the 53-residue, heat stable, protein, brazzein, which contains no carbohydrate and is perceived as sweet tasting only by old world primates and humans. Through mutagenesis we have determined that three major regions near N- and C-terminal domains and Loop43 region are critical for heterodimeric sweet receptor binding and/or activity;mutations in other regions appear to affect sweetness by indirect conformational changes, as detected by NMR spectroscopy. Complementary mutagenesis studies of the sweet receptor indicate that brazzein interacts with specific residues in the Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of the T1R3 subunit. In addition, modeling and receptor mutagenesis studies have identified a major binding surface for brazzein on the "VFTM" (Venus flytrap ligand binding extracellular module) of T1R2 subunit. This large interaction surface on the receptor distiguishes the mode of action of brazzein from those of small molecule sweeteners. Specific contributions of T1R2 resdidues in determining the differential sensitivity of the receptor to brazzein remain to be discovered. We propose three specific aims: 1. In vitro cellular assays of sweet protein-receptor interactions. 2. To use NMR spectroscopy to investigate the conformational and dynamic requirements in brazzein for its interaction and activation of the sweet taste receptor. These studies will serve to identify changes that correlate with fuctional properties. 3. To monitor binding of brazzein and its mutants to T1R2/T1R3 sweet receptor and its mutants by STDD-NMR spectroscopy. These results will contribute to accurately define the essential molecular features responsible for the brazzein-sweet receptor interaction and the resulting signal transduction non-caloric sweeteners as an approach to help address diabetes and related disorders.