Micromechanical Device for Intracochlear Drug Delivery

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge MA

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Abstract

PROJECT TITLE: Micromechanical Device for Intracochlear Drug Delivery GRANTING NIH INSTITUTE/CENTER: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) GRANT NUMBER: DC006848 ABSTRACT Recent developments in cochlear physiology and molecular biology have paved the way for new and innovative ways of treating and preventing sensorineural hearing loss. These advances will ultimately benefit millions of individuals. However, for this to occur, it will be necessary to develop a safe and reliable mechanism for delivering bioactive compounds directly to the inner ear. The goal of this collaborative research effort is to design and develop a versatile long-term drug delivery system for the treatment of inner ear disorders. Working together, biomedical engineers from Draper Laboratory with experience and expertise in the development of drug delivery microsystems, and clinicians and scientists from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with expertise in inner ear physiology, pharmacology and otologic surgery will engineer, evaluate and perfect a drug delivery system for the treatment of inner ear disorders. This device will have broad application and the potential for revolutionizing the treatment of hearing loss. The design concept includes an implanted device that fits within the mastoid cavity of humans. The device contains an externally-programmable pump to recirculate perilymph, an intracochlear catheter inserted into the scala tympani through a cochleostomy, a mixing chamber with externally programmable delivery of concentrated bioactive compounds, and sensors for detecting and transmitting flow information. The ultra- miniaturized device is a complete, long-term (one year and greater) delivery system, containing therapeutic compound, dispensing mechanism, control electronics, and power supply. Its development takes advantage of recent developments in microfluidics and MEMS (MicroElectroMechanical Systems) technologies. In the previous project period we developed and tested a microfluidics-based, wearable drug delivery device for the guinea pig using a novel reciprocating delivery paradigm. The aims of the proposal are to (1) Guide precision control of drug delivery throughout the cochlea by establishing and demonstrating a computational model that incorporates the fluid dynamic aspects of our drug delivery into previous models of solute kinetics;(2) Design and build an implantable microfluidic delivery device to serve as a prototype for future human clinical trials;and (3) Adapt our device for inner ear drug delivery to the mouse using components of the microfluidics device we develop for human use, to enable precise, extended delivery for research and discovery applications.