THE INFLUENZA VIRUS HAS BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR SEVERAL PANDEMICS, AND HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA (HPAI) VIRUSES REMAIN A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH. A RECENT SPILLOVER OF THE HPAI H5N1 VIRUS TO DAIRY COWS HAS LED TO HUMAN INFECTIONS, HIGHLIGHTING THE NEED FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE VACCINES TO PREVENT INFLUENZA AIRWAY INFECTIONS IN COWS AND REDUCE SPREAD BETWEEN ANIMALS AND HUMANS. CURRENT INTRAMUSCULAR VACCINES, SUCH AS MRNA VACCINES, ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING SEVERE DISEASES AND DEATHS BUT DO NOT PREVENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND TRANSMISSION. THIS LIMITATION ARISES BECAUSE INTRAMUSCULAR VACCINES PRIMARILY STIMULATE SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY, WHICH IS INSUFFICIENT FOR PROTECTING THE RESPIRATORY MUCOSA. TO ADDRESS THIS CHALLENGE, DEVELOPING MUCOSAL VACCINES THAT ELICIT LONG-LASTING MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IS ESSENTIAL. THESE VACCINES COULD PREVENT BOTH INITIAL AND RECURRENT INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTIONS AND THEIR TRANSMISSION. RECENT STUDIES HAVE DEMONSTRATED THAT USING AN FCRN-BASED PLATFORM TO DELIVER INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININ (HA) AND SARS-COV-2 SPIKE ANTIGENS THROUGH THE AIRWAY CAN INDUCE PROTECTIVE MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN BOTH THE NASAL AND LUNG COMPARTMENTS. THIS NASAL VACCINE EFFECTIVELY PREVENTS VIRUS REPLICATION IN ANIMALS AND LIMITS TRANSMISSION AMONG THEM. THESE FINDINGS LED US TO REASON THAT FCRN-MEDIATED NASAL SPRAY VACCINES FOR INFLUENZA CAN TRIGGER RECALL RESPONSES THAT PROTECT AGAINST INITIAL AND RECURRENT H5N1 INFECTIONS IN THE AIRWAY AND REDUCE ANIMAL-TO-ANIMAL AND ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION. GIVEN THE RAPIDLY EVOLVING NATURE OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES, WE AIM TO DEVELOP UNIVERSAL MUCOSAL VACCINES. THE VACCINES DELIVERED THROUGH THE FCRN PLATFORM CAN BE EASILY ENGINEERED, MANUFACTURED, AND ADAPTED FOR USE AGAINST OTHER MUCOSAL INFECTIONS IN LIVESTOCK.
$648,881FY2025National Institute of Food and AgricultureUSDA
University Of Maryland, College Park, College Park MD