** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** CROP PLANTS ENCOUNTER MANY DIFFERENT BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES THROUGHOUT THEIR GROWTH AND OFTEN MULTIPLE STRESSES OCCUR AT ONCE. AS CLIMATE CHANGE INTENSIFIES THESE COMBINED STRESSES ARE EXPECTED TO OCCUR MORE FREQUENTLY AND PROLONGED. STRESSES INDUCE VARIOUS CHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLANTS THAT IF QUANTIFIED CAN PROVIDE KEY INFORMATION ON PLANT HEALTH STATUS AND POTENTIALLY AID FUTURE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS. THERE ARE MANY KINDS OF DATA THAT CAN PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO HOW PLANTS PERCEIVE STRESSES AND RESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTS HOWEVER THE METHODS REQUIRED TO GENERATE THESE DATA ARE OFTEN TIME CONSUMING COSTLY AND REQUIRE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT. THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP INTEGRATED SENSING DEVICES THAT CAN BE PLACED ON THE LEAVES OF PLANTS TO MEASURE THE PRESENCE OF STRESS AGENTS AND THE RESPONSES OF THE PLANTS AS THEY PRODUCE MOLECULAR SIGNALS THAT ENABLE THEM TO RESPOND TO THE STRESSES. THE PLANT SENSORS WILL ALSO MONITOR PHYSIOLOGICAL METRICS SUCH AS LEAF WATER CONTENT TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY. THE DATA COLLECTED FROM THE SENSORS WILL BE USED TO TRAIN MACHINE LEARNING MODELS THAT WILL IDENTIFY DISTINCT SIGNATURES FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL STRESS AND RESPONSES TO COMBINED STRESSES. THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SENSORS AND THE DEVELOPED DATA ANALYTICS TOOLS WILL BE TESTED UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS IN ORDER TO DETERMINE HOW STRESS RESPONSES MAY BE ALTERED IN CROPS IN THE FUTURE. AT THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO PINPOINT AND DIFFERENTIATE INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED STRESSES USING THE SENSORS AND DATA ANALYTICS. THE VERSATILITY OF THIS METHOD ALLOWS IT TO ADAPT TO DIVERSE CROPS AND STRESSES FOR FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH OR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DIAGNOSTIC OR MANAGEMENT TOOLS.