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** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGIC CONDITIONS DRIVE LIPID MOBILIZATION (LIPOLYSIS) IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUES (AT) OF DAIRY COWS, INCLUDING PERIPARTURIENT ENERGY DEFICITS AND THE PRESENCE OF INFLAMMATORY STIMULI DURING INFECTIOUS DISEASE. SHOULD LIPOLYSIS BECOME EXCESSIVE OR DYSREGULATED, AT INFLAMMATION RESULTS, AND COWS BECOME SUSCEPTIBLE TO METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, MILK YIELD LOSSES, AND REPRODUCTIVE COMPLICATIONS. SUCH CHALLENGES COME AT SUBSTANTIAL COSTS TO US PRODUCERS AND COMPROMISE THE WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS.IN ADDITION TO ENERGY-DENSE LIPIDS, COWS' FAT CELLS (ADIPOCYTES) RELEASE ENDOCANNABINOIDS DURING LIPOLYSIS, WHICH ARE SIGNALING MOLECULES THAT REGULATE INFLAMMATION AND METABOLISM. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THESE MOLECULES REGULATE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS, AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR RECEPTORS VARY IN AT BASED ON THE ENERGY DEMANDS FACED BY THE COW. WE WILL TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS THROUGH TWO AIMS. AIM 1 WILL REVEAL HOW THE STIMULATION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS ON IMMUNE CELLS IN AT INFLUENCES THEIR NUMBERS, INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES, AND ABILITIES TO REGULATE LIPOLYSIS. FOR THIS AIM, WE WILL HARVEST AND CULTURE MONONUCLEAR CELLS AND ADIPOCYTES FROM DAIRY COWS, EXPOSE THEM TO CANNABINOID RECEPTOR-ACTIVATING COMPOUNDS, AND EVALUATE THE CELLS' RESPONSES. AIM 2 WILL INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND ABUNDANCE OF IMMUNE CELLS IN THE AT OF PRE- AND POST-PARTUM DAIRY COWS. IN THIS AIM, WE WILL COLLECT AT FROM MATURE DAIRY COWS AT -21, +14, AND +21 DAYS RELATIVE TO CALVING AND, USING MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, ASSESS HOW THE DISTRIBUTION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND ABUNDANCE OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS CHANGE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER. FINDINGS FROM AIMS 1 AND 2 WILL BE PUBLISHED IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS, PRESENTED AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS, AND SHARED WITH INDUSTRY STAKEHOLDERS.THIS PROJECT WILL ALLOW US TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF ENDOCANNABINOIDS IN THE REGULATION OF METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN THE AT OF DAIRY COWS. WE ANTICIPATE THAT THESE FINDINGS WILL SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED NUTRITIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGING DAIRY CATTLE, ESPECIALLY IN EARLY LACTATION. LONG-TERM, THESE EFFORTS WILL HELP IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY COWS AND, IN ADDITION, THE SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE US DAIRY INDUSTRY.

$180,000FY2024National Institute of Food and AgricultureUSDA

Michigan State University, East Lansing MI

Investigators

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** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** SEVERAL PHYSIOLOGIC CONDITIONS DRIVE LIPID MOBILIZATION (LIPOLYSIS) IN THE ADIPOSE TISSUES (AT) OF DAIRY COWS, INCLUDING PERIPARTURIENT ENERGY DEFICITS AND THE PRESENCE OF INFLAMMATORY STIMULI DURING INFECTIOUS DISEASE. SHOULD LIPOLYSIS BECOME EXCESSIVE OR DYSREGULATED, AT INFLAMMATION RESULTS, AND COWS BECOME SUSCEPTIBLE TO METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, MILK YIELD LOSSES, AND REPRODUCTIVE COMPLICATIONS. SUCH CHALLENGES COME AT SUBSTANTIAL COSTS TO US PRODUCERS AND COMPROMISE THE WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS.IN ADDITION TO ENERGY-DENSE LIPIDS, COWS' FAT CELLS (ADIPOCYTES) RELEASE ENDOCANNABINOIDS DURING LIPOLYSIS, WHICH ARE SIGNALING MOLECULES THAT REGULATE INFLAMMATION AND METABOLISM. WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT THESE MOLECULES REGULATE THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES OF IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS, AND THE EXPRESSION OF THEIR RECEPTORS VARY IN AT BASED ON THE ENERGY DEMANDS FACED BY THE COW. WE WILL TEST THIS HYPOTHESIS THROUGH TWO AIMS. AIM 1 WILL REVEAL HOW THE STIMULATION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS ON IMMUNE CELLS IN AT INFLUENCES THEIR NUMBERS, INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES, AND ABILITIES TO REGULATE LIPOLYSIS. FOR THIS AIM, WE WILL HARVEST AND CULTURE MONONUCLEAR CELLS AND ADIPOCYTES FROM DAIRY COWS, EXPOSE THEM TO CANNABINOID RECEPTOR-ACTIVATING COMPOUNDS, AND EVALUATE THE CELLS' RESPONSES. AIM 2 WILL INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EXPRESSION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND ABUNDANCE OF IMMUNE CELLS IN THE AT OF PRE- AND POST-PARTUM DAIRY COWS. IN THIS AIM, WE WILL COLLECT AT FROM MATURE DAIRY COWS AT -21, +14, AND +21 DAYS RELATIVE TO CALVING AND, USING MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, ASSESS HOW THE DISTRIBUTION OF CANNABINOID RECEPTORS AND ABUNDANCE OF MONONUCLEAR CELLS CHANGE RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER. FINDINGS FROM AIMS 1 AND 2 WILL BE PUBLISHED IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS, PRESENTED AT SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS, AND SHARED WITH INDUSTRY STAKEHOLDERS.THIS PROJECT WILL ALLOW US TO ELUCIDATE THE ROLE OF ENDOCANNABINOIDS IN THE REGULATION OF METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN THE AT OF DAIRY COWS. WE ANTICIPATE THAT THESE FINDINGS WILL SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED NUTRITIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MANAGING DAIRY CATTLE, ESPECIALLY IN EARLY LACTATION. LONG-TERM, THESE EFFORTS WILL HELP IMPROVE THE HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY COWS AND, IN ADDITION, THE SUSTAINABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE US DAIRY INDUSTRY. · GrantIndex