** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** DROUGHT AND FIRE ALREADY ARE INCREASING IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES, WITH CONSEQUENCES FORCALIFORNIA'S ECONOMICALLY AND CULTURALLY VALUABLE OAK RANGELANDS. THESE AGROECOSYSTEMS FACE FURTHER CLIMATIC CHANGES OVER THE NEXT CENTURY THAT ARE PROJECTED TO CAUSE SUBSTANTIAL LOSS OF OAKS AND THE SERVICES THEY PROVIDE THAT SUPPORTCATTLE, SHEEP AND PIG PRODUCTION. EVEN WHERE OAK DISTRIBUTIONS ARE PREDICTED TO REMAIN STABLE, SOME POPULATIONS MAY NOT HAVE THE NECESSARY LOCAL ADAPTATIONS TO PERSIST IN NEW CLIMATES. THEREFORE, THE RELATIVELY NOVEL STRATEGY OF 'ASSISTED GENE FLOW,' OR MOVING GENETIC MATERIAL FROM HISTORICALLY WARMER TO NEWLY WARMING SITES MAY INCREASE OAKRESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE.HOWEVER,MORE INFORMATION IS NEEDED ON HOW AND WHERE GENETICS IMPACT OAK DROUGHT TOLLERANCEAND WHETHER TRANSPLANTED INDIVIDUALS WILL BE VIABILITY IN SITES THAT ARE FAR FROM THEIR ORIGIN. USING THE WIDESPREAD, FOUNDATIONAL BLUE OAK (QUERCUS DOUGLASII) AS A FOCAL SPECIES, THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL INCREASE OUR KNOWLEDGE ON WHETHER DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF OAKS HAVE DIFFERENT DEGREES OF DROUGHT TOLLERANCE, HOW THEIR GENETICS VARY ACROSS THE DISTRIBUTION, AND THE WHETHER TRANSPLANTS OFINDIVIDUALS FROM HISTORICALLY WARMER AND DRIER SITESCAN SURVIVE INCURRENTLY MORE COOLER AND WETTER THAT ARE PROJECTED TO BECOME WARMER AND DRIER IN THE FUTURE. WE BUILD ON EXISTING GREENHOUSE STUDIES AND FIELD COMMON GARDEN EXPERIMENTSTHAT PROVIDE A PROOF-OF-CONCEPT, AND AN ESTABLISHED NETWORK OF RANGELAND MANAGER PARTNERS. THIS WORK CONNECTS TO THE BNRE PROGRAM PRIORITIES IN ITS DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF NEW CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION PRACTICES THAT WILL PROMOTE THE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF OAK RANGELANDS WITH CLIMATE CHANGE. THESE APPROACHES COULD ALSO APPLY TO OTHER CLIMATE-THREATENED HARDWOOD AGROECOSYSTEMS.