** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASSES FROM FORESTRY AND AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS ARE AT THE HEART OF THE RAPIDLY EVOLVING BIOECONOMY WITH THEIR CRUCIAL APPLICATIONS IN BIOENERGY, CHEMICALS, AND BIOPRODUCTS. THE FRACTIONATION OF BIOMASS ALLOWS TO INDIVIDUALLY AND EFFICIENTLY UTILIZE CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, AND LIGNIN. HOWEVER, THE EXISTING BIOMASS FRACTIONATION PROCESSES MOSTLY (1) ARE ENERGY INTENSIVE, (2) NEED HIGH-PRESSURE REACTORS, (3) ARE UNABLE TO EFFECTIVELY STABILIZE AND FULLY RETAIN CELLULOSE AND HEMICELLULOSE SUGARS, AND (4) ARE UNABLE TO EFFECTIVELY STABILIZE AND TASK-SPECIFICALLY FUNCTIONALIZE LIGNIN.THE PROPOSED RESEARCH AIMS TO DEVELOP TWO ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE BIOMASS FRACTIONATION PLATFORMS THAT STABILIZE AND FUNCTIONALIZE CARBOHYDRATES AND LIGNIN. THE PROPOSED TWO BIOMASS FRACTIONATION PLATFORMS ARE UNIQUELY ENABLED BY READILY-RECYCLABLE AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE HYDROXYL- OR ALDEHYDE-CONTAINING ACIDS (FRACTIONATING BIOMASS INTO CARBOHYDRATES AND LIGNIN) AND INEXPENSIVE ALCOHOLS OR FUNCTIONAL ALDEHYDES (IN-SITU STABILIZING AND FUNCTIONALIZING CARBOHYDRATES AND LIGNIN INTO TAILOR-MADE MULTIPLE PRODUCTS). THE PROPOSED TWO ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE BIOMASS FRACTIONATION PLATFORMS CAN BE CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION-BASED PROCESSES AND SOLUTION-FREE PROCESSES. THE SUCCESS OF THIS PROJECT WILL HELP ADDRESS ECONOMICAL, TECHNICAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES IN THE FRACTIONATION AND UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS BY GREATLY REDUCING ENERGY (NO BIOMASS SIZE REDUCTION AND NO HIGH-TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS), CHEMICAL (SOLUTION-FREE PROCESS), AND CAPITAL (NO MILLER AND HIGH-PRESSURE REACTOR) INPUTS AND ENABLING FULL AND VALUE-ADDED BIOMASS UTILIZATION.