** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** POLLINATION IS A CRITICALLY IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEM SERVICE FOR AGRICULTURE, ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH VALUE CROPS WHOSE CONSUMPTION HAS BEEN RISING OVER TIME. BOTH THE NATURAL AND COMMERCIAL PROVISION OF POLLINATION SERVICES ARE THREATENED BY WILD POLLINATOR HABITAT LOSS AND CLIMATE CHANGE. IN THE FACE OF THESE CHALLENGES, IT IS IMPORTANT TO SET PRIORITIES AMONG EFFORTS AIMED AT MITIGATING OR REVERSING POLLINATOR DECLINE. THIS PROJECT WILL DEVELOP METHODS FOR DETERMINING (A) THE VALUE OF POLLINATION SERVICES BY WILD AND MANAGED POLLINATORS AND (B) EFFICIENT LEVELS AND LOCATIONS OF WILD POLLINATOR HABITAT PRESERVATION AND MANAGED POLLINATOR STOCKING RATES. WE WILL DRAW ON ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SOURCES TO DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING IMPACTS OF LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON POLLINATION SERVICES PROVIDED BY WILD AND MANAGED POLLINATORS. WE WILL DEVELOP NOVEL METHODS OF IDENTIFYING LAND USE PRACTICES, HABITAT QUALITY, YIELD, AND USE OF MANAGED POLLINATORS FROM A COMBINATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA, PRIMARY SURVEY DATA AND GOVERNMENT MICRODATA. WE WILL USE THESE NOVEL DATA IN AN ECOLOGICAL/ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS THAT ESTIMATES AN INTEGRATED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAND USE, HABITAT, POLLINATION AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY. WE WILL COMBINE THE THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL ANALYSES TO STUDY HOW TO SET PRIORITIES FOR MANAGING POLLINATOR HABITAT AND HOW THOSE PRIORITIES VARY ACROSS MAJOR PRODUCTION REGIONS. THIS RESEARCH WILL ADVANCE ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO AGRICULTURE THAT BALANCE PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, A PRIORITY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS PROGRAM (A1651).