** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** A WOODCHIP BIOREACTOR WORKS BY INTERCEPTING NITRATE-LADEN TILE DRAINAGE WATER, ROUTING THE WATER THROUGH A LONG NARROW SUBSURFACE CHAMBER FILLED WITH A CARBON SUBSTRATE (TYPICALLY WOODCHIPS) AND DENITRIFYING MICROORGANISMS, THEN DISCHARGING THE TREATED WATER INTO A WATERWAY. IN THE ANAEROBIC BIOREACTOR CHAMBER, THE DENITRIFYING MICROORGANISMS CONSUME CARBON GRADUALLY RELEASED FROM THE WOODCHIPS AS THE ENERGY SOURCE FOR CONVERTING NITRATE TO HARMLESS N2 GAS.WOODCHIP DENITRIFICATION BIOREACTORS WORK WELL; HOWEVER, WE PROPOSE THAT INCREASED NITRATE REDUCTION IS POSSIBLE THROUGH CARBON SOURCE SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT.TO IMPLEMENT WOODCHIP BIOREACTORS AT THE SCALE NEEDED TO ACHIEVE NUTRIENT REDUCTION GOALS (ESTIMATED MORE THAN 100,000 BIOREACTORS WHEN COMBINED WITH OTHER PRACTICES IN IOWA ALONE), AN ABUNDANT WOOD SOURCE IS NEEDED. AT FIRST GLANCE, THE U.S. MIDWEST MIGHT NOT APPEAR TO HAVE READILY AVAILABLE WOOD RESOURCES TO SUPPORT LARGE-SCALE BIOREACTOR ADOPTION. HOWEVER, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PRACTICESOFTEN PRODUCE WOOD MATERIAL OF SELECT SPECIES (E.G., SHADE-TOLERANT SPECIES) AND DIMENSIONS (E.G., SUB-SAWTIMBER-SIZE) THAT CURRENTLY HAVE NEGLIGIBLE VALUE IN REGIONAL MARKETS.THUS, THE MASSIVE DEMAND FOR WOODCHIPS FOR BIOREACTORS CAN BE EASED BY THE WOOD SUPPLY PROVIDED BY SUSTAINABLE WOODLAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES - PROVIDING AN ECONOMICALLY VIABLE OUTLET FOR MATERIALS OF LOW HISTORIC MARKETABILITY.