EMISSIONS OF NITROUS OXIDE (N2O) AND AMMONIA (NH3) FROM SOILS ARE PART OF THE REACTIVE NITROGEN (N) CASCADE AND GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS) THAT ARE IMPACTED BY AGRICULTURE WITH NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR HUMAN HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, AND CORN PRODUCER INCOMES. DEPENDING ON THE SOURCE, TIMING AND METHOD OF APPLICATION, UP TO 7 KG/HA OF N IS LOST AS N2O EMISSIONS FOR EVERY 100 KG OF N APPLIED (MORE COMMONLY, 1 TO 3% OF THE N FERTILIZER APPLIED). EVEN THOUGH THE DIRECT EFFECT OF NH3 ON GLOBAL WARMING IS NOT FULLY UNDERSTOOD (USEPA, 2011), NH3 IS KNOWN TO IMPAIR HUMAN HEALTH THROUGH AIR POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION OF DRINKING WATER, AND IS ALSO BELIEVED TO CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO GLOBAL WARMING. GLOBAL AGRICULTURAL N2O EMISSIONS ARE PROJECTED TO INCREASE BY 35-60% BY 2030 DUE TO INCREASED N FERTILIZER USE AND ANIMAL MANURE PRODUCTION (FAO, 2003). IN THE UNITED STATES, SOIL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES SUCH AS FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND OTHER CROPPING PRACTICES ACCOUNTED FOR 67% OF ALLN2O EMISSIONS (MOST OF THE LATTER COMES FROM N FERTILIZER APPLICATION), EQUIVALENT TO 5.8% OF TOTAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS. ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (AA) REPRESENTS THE PREDOMINANT FORM OF N APPLIED FOR CORN PRODUCTION IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES. TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE POTENTIAL LOSS OF NH3 FROM THE SOIL RESULTING FROM N FERTILIZER APPLICATION AND RELATED TO SOIL AND N MANAGEMENT FACTORS, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL INTERACTIONS OF AA IN THE SOIL MATRIX WITH ALTERNATE MANAGEMENT FACTORS (I.E. INCLUDING THE ON-FARM INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS REGARDING DEPTH, RATE, TIMING, TILLAGE, AND PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS). THIS COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROJECT RESPONDS TO CONCERNS OF (A) SOCIETY FOR NITROUS OXIDE AND AMMONIA EMISSIONS ARISING FROM PERCEIVED INCREASES IN N FERTILIZER RATES APPLIED TO CORN PRODUCTION IN MIDWEST USA, (B) CORN PRODUCERS ATTEMPTING TO ADAPT N FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE, (C) GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) MODELERS FOR INSUFFICIENT DATA RELIABILITY AT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND REGIONAL LEVELS, (D) LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY GRADUATE-LEVEL COURSE GAPS IN THE SCIENCE OF GHG ESTIMATION. THE PROJECT GOALS, THEREFORE, ARE TO: (A) DEVELOP INTEGRATED N MANAGEMENT PRACTICES THAT MITIGATE N2O EMISSIONS AND HELP CORN PRODUCERS IMPROVE N FERTILIZER EFFICIENCIES WHILE ADAPTING TO CHANGING CLIMATES. (B) ASSESS NEW NH3 AND N2O MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AND QUANTIFY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG INTEGRATED N MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, SOIL PROCESSES, AND NH3 AND N2O EMISSIONS DURING CORN PRODUCTION. (C) DEVELOP A GRADUATE-LEVEL COURSE SPECIFIC TO MEASURING AND MODELING GHG EMISSIONS.
$-89FY2023National Institute of Food and AgricultureUSDA
Purdue University, West Lafayette IN