** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** SECURING RESILIENT FOOD PRODUCTION WHILE SAFEGUARDING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING CLIMATE VARIABILITY REMAINS CHALLENGING. OF PARTICULAR CONCERN IS CLIMATE REGULATION SERVICE - CAPACITY TO PREVENT EMISSION AND FOSTER UPTAKE OF GREENHOUSE GASES (GHGS), GIVEN THE PACE AT WHICH GHGS ARE RELEASED AND PROJECTED TO INCREASE IN COMING DECADES. THIS PROJECT WILL ADDRESS TWO FOUNDATIONAL OBJECTIVES: (1) DETERMINE HOW PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY, GRAZING AND LAND MANAGEMENT REGIMES INTERACT TO AFFECT SOIL GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) FLUXES IN SUBTROPICAL GRASSLANDS MANAGED FOR BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION; AND (2) INVESTIGATE MECHANISMS ON RESPONSES OF GHG FLUXES THROUGH INTERLINKED ABOVE-BELOWGROUND FUNCTIONAL TRAITS.WE PROPOSE A 3-YEAR PROJECT THAT CAPITALIZES AN EXISTING LARGE-SCALE PRECIPITATION MANIPULATION EXPERIMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE TO UNDERSTAND INTERACTION OF GRAZING INTENSITY (LOW, AND HIGH) AND LAND MANAGEMENT (IMPROVED VS. SEMI-NATIVE PASTURES) UNDER PRECIPITATION SCENARIOS (INCREASED QUANTITY, DECREASED QUANTITY, ENHANCED SEASONALITY, DIMINISHED SEASONALITY). THE PROJECT WILL INCLUDE NEW GHG FLUXES AND PLANT-SOIL-MICROBIAL FUNCTIONAL TRAITS MEASUREMENTS TO: (1) ADVANCE MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF DRIVERS, PROCESSES, AND BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC INTERACTIONS UNDERPINNING GHG FLUXES IN MANAGED GRASSLANDS; AND (2) ASSESS GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT THAT CAN MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. THIS PROJECT WILL BE CONDUCTED IN ARCHBOLD USDA LONG-TERM AGROECOSYSTEM RESEARCH SITE IN FLORIDA, WHICH EXEMPLIFIES SUBTROPICAL HUMID GRASSLANDS.RESULTS WILL BE: (1) PRESENTED TO STAKEHOLDERS INCLUDING RANCH MANAGERS AND AGENCIES THAT WORK WITH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS; (2) DISSEMINATED THROUGH A RANGE OF EXTENSION AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS. THIS PROJECT ADDRESSES SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS: HEALTH, FUNCTIONS, PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (A1451).