**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** THE FOCUS OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO ENCOURAGE INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS THAT WOULD STRENGTHEN THE OUTCOMES OF THE AIFARMS AI INSTITUTE AND THEREBY BENEFIT U.S. AGRICULTURE. EACH RESEARCH THRUST INCORPORATED INTO THIS PARTNERSHIP AIMS TO IMPROVE THE AGRICULTURAL TOOLS AND SYSTEMS ADDRESSED IN THEIR CORE RESEARCH MISSIONS. THE FIRST BENEFIT WILL BE TO ENHANCE THE LEVEL OF AUTONOMY, SCALE, AND CAPABILITIES OF DIGITAL AGRICULTURE TOOLS AND SYSTEMS RELATED TO AUTONOMOUS FARMING. THE SECOND RESEARCH DIRECTION - ENVIRONMENTAL RESILIENCE IN AGRICULTURE - WILL IMPROVE THE MODELS USED TO PREDICT COMPLEX AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATASETS FROM THE PLANT TO FIELD REGIONS. THESE AIM TO IMPROVE BREEDING FOR YIELD, DISEASE RESISTANCE, AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY ACROSS DIVERSE CROP SYSTEMS. THE SOIL MONITORING AND HEALTH THRUST WILL ADVANCE FUNDAMENTAL UNDERSTANDING OF SOIL BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AND HENCE NUTRIENT FLOWS IN SOILS USING AI BASED SCIENCE, AS WELL AS CLOSING THE LOOP FROM SENSING TO ACTUATION FOR NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT, BOTH KEY STEPS IN REDUCING NUTRIENT CONTAMINATION IN US WATERWAYS. THE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION RESEARCH WILL BENEFIT FROM AN IMPROVED SHARED UNDERSTANDING OF ECONOMIC MODELING FRAMEWORKS FOR ADOPTION OF DIGITAL AND AI TECHNOLOGIES, INCORPORATE NOVEL DEEP LEARNING APPROACHES TO SCALE UP ECONOMIC MODELS, AND IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF DIFFERENTIAL PUBLIC POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXTS IN THE U.S. AND THE EU AND THEIR IMPACT ON ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR MORE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES.PHENOROB EXPERTISE IN ROBOTICS, COMPUTER VISION, HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IS COMPLEMENTARY TO AIFARMS RESEARCH GOALS ACROSS THE FOUR CROP-FOCUSED RESEARCH THRUST. THE INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP PROPOSED WOULD ALLOW COMMON AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CHALLENGES TO BE ADDRESSED. A FEW EXAMPLES WOULD INCLUDE DECREASING DEPENDENCE ON HERBICIDES WITH MECHANICAL WEEDING ROBOTS, INTEGRATION OF HYPER/MULTISPECTRAL DATA ACROSS SCALES FOR IMPROVED PLANT BREEDING, SOIL-ROOT INTERACTIONS, AND MORE COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC FRAMEWORKS FOR IMPROVED TECHNOLOGICAL ADOPTION.THIS PROJECTWILL STRENGTHEN THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH BEING COMPLETED AS PART OF AIFARMS. THIS RESEARCH INCLUDES ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI), THEORY AND PRACTICE, TO ADDRESS KEY CHALLENGES AGRICULTURE. IMPROVEMENTS TO AUTONOMY AND ADDITIONAL FOUNDATIONAL AI RESEARCH AREAS CAN INCREASE AGRICULTURAL OUTPUTS WHILE REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. ADDITIONALLY, AI CAN MINE THE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF DIVERSE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALE AGRICULTURAL DATA TO ALLOW FOR DATA DRIVE - DECISION BASED APPROACHES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT.A CORE MISSION OF AIFARMS AND PHENOROB IS TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES THAT WILL BE OF BENEFIT TO U.S. FARMERS. THESE TECHNOLOGIES ARE EVALUATED BY THE AIFARMS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION TEAM FOR THE FEASIBILITY OF FARMER ADOPTION WITH A COMPLEMENTARY FOCUS FROM THE PHENOROB TEAM REGARDING ROBOTICS FOR COVER CROP ADOPTION. TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION OF SCIENTIST AND,INCREASING THE DIVERSITY OF STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS IS AT THE CORE OF AIFARMS EDUCATION AND OUTREACH. THE AIFARMS-PHENOROB PARTNERSHIP WILL CONTINUE TO FOCUS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DIVERSE WORKFORCES, INCLUDING TRAINING OF PHD STUDENTS WITH STUDENT EXCHANGE AND STRONG PARTNERSHIPS WITH TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY A TOP RANKED HBCU. FINALLY, THIS SUPPLEMENT WILL FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE OUTCOMES OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COMMUNITIES TO FOCUS ON PROBLEM CRITICAL ADDRESS MODERN AGRICULTURE WITH THE FORMATION OF A JOINT COMMUNITY HUB TO USE DATA SHARING FOR SOLVING GRAND CHALLENGES IN U.S. AGRICULTURE.