** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** USING HOUSEHOLD AND RETAIL SCANNER DATA ON FOOD PURCHASES AND SALES, THIS PROJECT SEEKS TO DETERMINE THE CAUSAL EFFECT OF FRONT OF PACKAGE AND SHELF SUMMARY NUTRITION LABELS ON CONSUMERS AND RETAILERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND EUROPE. THERE IS A STRONG INTEREST IN THE U.S. AND INTERNATIONALLY TO IMPROVE DIET QUALITY THROUGH THE USE OF FOP NUTRITION LABELS. IN 2021, THE US HOUSE APPROPRIATION COMMITTEE IN ITS FISCAL YEAR 2022 AGRICULTURE SPENDING BILL ENCOURAGED THE EXPLORATION OF MANDATORY FOP LABELS THAT ALLOW CONSUMERS TO QUICKLY ASSESS PRODUCT HEALTHFULNESS (CONGRESS 2021, P. 96). ON SEPTEMBER 28, 2022, THE BIDEN-HARRIS ADMINISTRATION ANNOUNCED IT PLANS TO DEVELOP A STANDARDIZED FOP LABELING SYSTEM FOR FOOD PACKAGES TO HELP CONSUMERS, PARTICULARLY THOSE WITH LOWER NUTRITION LITERACY, QUICKLY AND EASILY IDENTIFY FOODS THAT ARE PART OF A HEALTHY EATING PATTERN (THE WHITE HOUSE 2022, P. 22). ALTHOUGH SEVERAL EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS WISH TO MAKE NUTRI-SCORE MANDATORY, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE UNDER EUROPEAN LAW UNLESS THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION MAKES NUTRI-SCORE MANDATORY FOR ALL EU COUNTRIES, WHICH IS SOMETHING CURRENTLY UNDER CONSIDERATION. YET, LIKE NUVAL, THE DISCRETIONARY ADOPTION OF NUTRI-SCORE POSES CHALLENGES TO EFFORTS EVALUATING ITS CAUSAL EFFECT ON CONSUMERS. IT IS PLAUSIBLE THAT A MANUFACTURER'S DECISIONS ON WHETHER TO USE NUTRI-SCORE AND ON WHICH BRANDS TO APPLY IT ARE ENDOGENOUS. THESE CHALLENGES HAVE NOT BEEN ADEQUATELY ADDRESSED IN PRIOR STUDIES OF NUTRI-SCORE, THUS ESTIMATES OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRI-SCORE MAY BE OVERSTATED. OUR ANALYSIS WILL ADDRESS THIS CONCERN AND PROVIDE UNBIASED ESTIMATES OF THE NET EFFECTS OF NUVAL AND NUTRI-SCORE FOR BOTH MORE AND LESS ADVANTAGED HOUSEHOLDS IN EFFORTS TO INFORM POLICYMAKERS OF THE LIKELY EFFECTS OF A MANDATORY NUTRITION LABEL. RESULTS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) NUTRI-SCORE PORTION OF THIS STUDY WILL NOT ONLY HELP GENERALIZE THE FINDINGS BEYOND THAT FROM A SINGLE LABEL, BUT ALSO BE USEFUL TO US FOOD MANUFACTURERSWITH A EUROPEAN PRESENCE. AS MORE EU COUNTRIES AND FOOD COMPANIES VOLUNTARILY ADOPT THE NUTRI-SCORE LABEL, AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE EFFECT OF NUTRI-SCORE ON CONSUMER DEMAND AND RETAIL PRICES WILL BENEFIT US EXPORTERS WHO EVENTUALLY NEED TO DECIDE WHETHER TO AFFIX THE NUTRI-SCORE SYMBOL ON THEIR PRODUCTS FOR THE EUROPEAN MARKET (USDA FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE 2022).