** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** THE ON-GOING TREND OF AGRICULTURAL AUTONOMY (A2) IS BELIEVED TO HAVE PROFOUND INFLUENCE IN IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SHAPING THE FUTURE OF AGRICULTURE. HOWEVER, UNTIL RECENTLY MOST A2 TECHNOLOGIES ARE DESIGNED TO FIT LARGE-SCALE FARMS, WHILE THEY TEND TO BE TECHNICAL AND COST PROHIBITIVE TO SMALL FARMS. THERE HAS BEEN GROWING CONCERN THAT SMALL FARMS MAY BE NEGATIVELY IMPACTED AND DRIVEN OUT OF THE MARKET BY THE CURRENT A2 TREND. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO GAIN A DETAILED UNDERSTANDING OF THE NEEDS, ATTITUDES, AND CONCERNS THAT SMALL FARMS HAVE TOWARDS A2 TECHNOLOGIES, INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS, AND RECOMMEND STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE ADOPTION OF A2 IN SMALL FARMS. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IN THIS PROJECT IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE AFRI PROGRAM AREA PRIORITY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTONOMOUS TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS WITHIN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION. IT WILL FIRST COMPLETE A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF THE HISTORY AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF A2 TECHNOLOGIES. PARTICULARLY, SMALL FARMS' CHALLENGES, ATTITUDES, AND ADOPTION INTENTIONS WILL BE DOCUMENTED THROUGH SURVEYS, INTERVIEWS, AND FOCUS GROUPS. BASED ON THE COLLECTED DATA, IT WILL THEN ESTIMATE THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF EMERGING A2 TECHNOLOGIES ON SMALL FARMS AND RELATED RURAL COMMUNTIES THROUGH COST-EFFECTIVENESS SIMULATION, STAKEHOLDERS' OPINION COLLECTION. KEY FACTORS THAT IMPACT SMALL FARMS' A2 ADOPTION INTENTIONS WILL BE IDENTIFIED. FINALLY, IT WILL PROPOSE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE POTENTIAL FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF AUTONOMOUS INDUSTRY TO BENEFIT SMALL FARMS BY NEW PRODUCTS, BETTER ADOPTIONS, AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATIONS.