IN 2010,THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DEVELOPEDTHE LARGESTTOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADGOALSIN ITS HISTORYTO REDUCEPOLLUTION FROMNITROGEN, PHOSPHOROUS,AND SEDIMENTREACHINGCHESAPEAKEBAYBY2025.TO MEET THESE REDUCTION GOALS, BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) HAVE BEEN ADOPTED THROUGHOUT THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED.AGRICULTURAL BMPS PROMOTE SOIL CONSERVATION AND REDUCE NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION.SOME EXAMPLES INCLUDE COVER CROPS, NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PLANS,CONSERVATION TILLAGE, BUFFER STRIPS, ETC.URBAN BMPS, SUCH AS DETENTION PONDS ANDGREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, REDUCE STORMWATER RUNOFF AND POLLUTANTS TOMIMIC THE PRE-DEVELOPMENT LANDSCAPE.THESE TWO TYPES OF BMPS SOLVE DIFFERENT PROBLEMS. AGRICULTURAL AREAS CONTRIBUTE EXCESS NUTRIENTS TOTHEWATERSHED THAT CAN IMPAIR WATER QUALITYWHILE URBAN AREAS HAVE A LARGER IMPACT ON HYDROLOGY THROUGH INCREASED RUNOFF.FUTURE CHALLENGES COULD REDUCE THE EFFICACY OF THESE BMPS TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY AND MEET TMDL GOALS.IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY WATERSHED, THEPOPULATION COULD SURPASS 20 MILLION AND DEVELOPED LAND AREA IS PROJECTED TO INCREASE BY 48-59%BY 2030. THESE LAND USE CHANGES WILL LEAD TO CHANGES IN BMP ADOPTION. FURTHER, CLIMATE CHANGE HAS BEEN PREDICTED TOTHREATEN WATER QUALITYTHROUGHINCREASES IN TEMPERATURE AND MORE INTENSE FLUCTUATIONS OF FLOODING AND DROUGHT.THESEDRASTIC WEATHER PATTERNS WILLLEAD TO CHANGES IN BMPEFFECTIVENESS.THIS PROJECT INVESTIGATES WATER QUALITY OF INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN WATERSHEDS USING BMPS UNDER CHANGING LAND USE AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS. THE SOIL WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL (SWAT) WILL BE USED TO MODEL PREDICTED NUTRIENT LOADING AND BMP EFFECTIVENESS IN MIXED URBAN-AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS. WHILE SCENARIOS DEVELOPED IN SWAT DO NOT FORECAST OR PREDICT THE FUTURE, THEY ARE USEFUL TO DECISION-MAKERS BY ANTICIPATING EXPECTED CHANGES AND PLANNINGRESPONSES. ULTIMATELY, THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO ANSWER: SHOULD AGRICULTURAL OR URBAN BMPS TAKE PRIORITY TO MAXIMIZE REDUCTIONS OF FLOW/SEDIMENT/NUTRIENTS IN FUTURE MIXED WATERSHEDS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE?THIS WHOLISTIC WATERSHED APPROACHWILL GUIDE WATERSHED MANAGERS TO EMPHASIZE ADOPTIONOF THE MOSTEFFICIENTBMPS THAT PROVIDE THE GREATEST WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT.
$60,304FY2022National Institute of Food and AgricultureUSDA
The Pennsylvania State University