**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS INCORPORATING BT TRAITS TARGETING INSECT PESTS ARE WIDELY ADOPTED IN THE US, BUT THEY ARE NOW THREATENED BY THE EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE. THE ONLY METHOD GROWERS CAN USE TO DELAY RESISTANCE IS TO PLANT NON-BT REFUGES. HOWEVER, EVEN THOUGH THIS IS LEGALLY REQUIRED IN THE SOUTHERN US, GROWER COMPLIANCE IS VERY LOW SINCE IT IS A COMMON POOL RESOURCE. PAST EFFORTS TO BOOST REFUGE COMPLIANCE HAVE FAILED, WITH A FEW LIMITATIONS, INCLUDING APPEALS TO EMOTION AND A MORAL SUASION CAMPAIGN. BASED ON PAST EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE, WE HYPOTHESIZE THAT REFUGE COMPLIANCE IS HIGHER AMONG GROWERS WITH A HIGHER PROPORTION OF CONDITIONAL COOPERATORS AND THAT CONDITIONAL COOPERATION IS A POTENTIAL SOLUTION TO DELAY THE EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE TO BT FOR US GROWERS. OUR OBJECTIVES ARE TO: 1) MEASURE CONDITIONAL COOPERATION TO IDENTIFY GROUPS WITH HIGH AND LOW CONDITIONAL COOPERATION WITH NORTH CAROLINA CORN GROWERS; 2) TARGET EXTENSION EFFORTS ON REFUGE AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT AT AREAS WITH HIGH CONDITIONAL COOPERATION IN ANOTHER DOMAIN; AND 3) MEASURE THE OUTCOME OF REFUGE PLANTING IN THE TREATMENT AREAS. WE WILL COMBINE ELEMENTS OF MORAL SUASION AND APPEALS TO EMOTION TO FACILITATE COOPERATION AND INCREASE REFUGE COMPLIANCE ACROSS THE SOUTHERN US.