** AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** DAIRY-BEEF AND VEAL CALF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS ARE UNDERRECOGNIZED AND IMPORTANT SOURCES OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR). MALE DAIRY CALVES ARE AN UNWANTED BY-PRODUCT OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY THAT HAVE LARGELY BEEN IGNORED BY RESEARCHERS. NONETHELESS, HALF THE CALVES BORN ON DAIRY FARMS ARE MALE, AND THE CALVES CONTRIBUTE A SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE FOOD SUPPLY. THEREFORE, OUR GROUP WILL CHARACTERIZE MALE CALF TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS TO IDENTIFY INFLUENTIAL TRANSMISSION POINTS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, IDENTIFY FACILITY-LEVEL RISK FACTORS FOR S. DUBLIN, A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT PATHOGEN OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE. NEXT, WE WILL BUILD SIMULATION MODELS TO INFORM STRATEGIES FOR S. DUBLIN SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL. THESE DATA ARE NECESSARY TO IDENTIFY COST-EFFECTIVE AND RISK-BASED STRATEGIES THAT EFFECTIVELY LIMIT THE DISSEMINATION OF MDR BACTERIA.FURTHERMORE, OUR GROUP WILL WORK TO REDUCE THE QUANTITY OF ANTIMICROBIALS USED WITHIN THE MALE CALF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. TO DO THIS, WE WILL TEST THE ABILITY OF BENCHMARKING REPORTS TO MOTIVATE REDUCTIONS CHANGES IN ANTIMICROBIAL USE BEHAVIORS, AND WE'LL IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL MOTIVATORS AND BARRIERS TO BEHAVIOR CHANGE.LASTLY, WE WILL CREATE CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE MATERIALS FOR THE PREDOMINANTLY AMISH AND MENNONITE COMMUNITY WITHIN THE MALE DAIRY CALF PRODUCTION SYSTEM THAT HAS BEEN MOSTLY NEGLECTED BY THE RESEARCH AND EXTENSION COMMUNITY. THIS MATERIAL WILL SERVE TO IMPROVE BIOSECURITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP PRACTICES THAT WILL BOTH MITIGATE ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE WITHIN THESE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS.