MOST NEWBORNS IN THE US CONSUME THEIR MOTHER'S MILK FOR NUTRITION AND THIS PRACTICE IS WIDELY RECOMMENDED BY HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. HOWEVER, MORE THAN 30% OF NEWBORNS ALREADY START TO CONSUME INFANT FORMULA MADE FROM COW'S MILK WITHIN TWO DAYS OF BIRTH. THIS IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND BECAUSE NEWBORNS THAT CONSUME THEIR MOTHER'S MILK HAVE BETTER HEALTH OUTCOMES THAN NEWBORNS TO CONSUME INFANT FORMULA. THERE ARE 2 POSSIBLE REASONS WHY NEWBORNS THAT CONSUME MOTHER'S MILK ARE HEALTHIER THAN THOSE THAT CONSUME FORMULA: EITHER (1) HUMAN BREASTMILK HAS BETTER NUTRITIONAL QUALITY THAN COW'S MILK, OR (2) THE FOOD PROCESSING STEPS USED TO TREAT COW'S MILK THAT IS USED TO MAKE INFANT FORMULAS REDUCES ITS NUTRITIONAL QUALITY. IN THE ABSENCE OR REDUCTION OF BREASTFEEDING FROM MOTHERS, WE WANT TO BE ABLE TO IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF INFANT FORMULAS MADE FROM COW'S MILK. TO DO THIS WE WILL (1) COMPARE THE COMPOSITION OF HUMAN MILK AND COW'S MILK, AND (2)UNDERSTAND HOW FOOD PROCESSING AFFECTS THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF COW'S MILK. BY UNDERSTANDING HOW PROCESSING AFFECTS THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF COW'S MILK, WE WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE NEW INFORMATION THAT MANUFACTURERS CAN USE TO IMPROVE INFANT FORMULA PRODUCTS. ONCE THESE PRODUCTS ARE IMPROVED, NEWBORNS CONSUMING FORMULAS MADE FROM COW'S MILK WILL START TO HAVE IMPROVED HEALTH OUTCOMES. THE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL PROVIDE INFORMATION ON OPTIMIZING HOW WE PROCESS COW'S MILK TO ENSURE IT IS SAFE, HAS HIGH NUTRITIONAL QUALITY, AND IMPROVES HEALTH OUTCOMES OF NEWBORNS THAT CONSUME INFANT FORMULAS MADE FROM COW'S MILK.