**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** UNITED STATES DAIRY AND BEEF FARMS PRODUCE MILLIONS OF CALVES ANNUALLY.COSTS CAN BE LOWERED, AND FARM MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVED BY SYNCHRONIZING OVULATION IN GROUPS OF COWS TO PREPARE FOR TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (TAI).HOWEVER, STANDARD TAI ENTAILS HANDLING COWS UP TO 3-7 TIMES TO RECEIVE HORMONE INJECTIONS, MAKING TAI DIFFICULT AND COSTLY FOR MANY DAIRY AND MOST BEEF OPERATIONS.CONFINEMENT AND INJECTION STRESS COWS AND INJECTION-SITE LESIONS REDUCE BEEF VALUE. THE OVERARCHING GOAL OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEMONSTRATE A PROGRAMMABLE, REUSABLE DEVICE THAT REDUCES THE COSTS OF COW BREEDING, AND IMPROVES REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE AND COW WELL-BEING. THE BENEFITS OF TAI CAN BE MADE MORE ACCESSIBLE, COW-FRIENDLY, AND AFFORDABLE IFINJECTIONS ARE REPLACED WITH INTRAVAGINAL DELIVERY.WE THEREFORE WILL DEVELOP A RE-USABLE, PROGRAMMABLE, INTRAVAGINAL CAPSULE, THE E-SYNCH, THAT ENTAILS ACCESSING EACH COW ONLY TWICE, ONCE TO INSERT AND ONCE TO REMOVE (COINCIDENT WITH TAI).WE WILL THEN DEMONSTRATE COW FERTILIZATION MANAGEMENT USING THE E-SYNCH IN DAIRY HERDS, COMPARING TO RESULTS OF STANDARD INJECTION-TYPE METHODS. WE EXPECT E-SYNCH TOBE AS EFFECTIVE AS INJECTIONS IN PRODUCING PREGNANCIES WHILE GENERATING OTHER BENEFITS. COST WILL BE REPAID BY REDUCED LABOR AND OTHER COW PERFORMANCE AND WELL-BEING BENEFITS.THE E-SYNCH ADDRESSES AFRI PRIORITIES IN FARM EFFICIENCY, PROFITABILITY, AND SUSTAINABILITY.