**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** MUCH OF THE US RANGELAND EXTENT HAS BEEN DEGRADED BY HISTORICAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND DISTURBANCE EVENTS. ANNUALLY, MILLIONS OF DOLLARS ARE SPENT RESEEDING DEGRADED RANGELAND, OFTEN WITH LITTLE RESULTING RETURN OF NATIVE SPECIES OR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES. MANAGEMENT METHODS THAT TARGET MICROSITE CONDITIONS TO INCREASE SEED SUCCESS HAVE SHOWN PROMISE, BUT HAVE OFTEN BEEN APPLIED TO RELATIVELY SMALL-SCALES OR ON A SMALL NUMBER OF SPECIES. THIS PROJECT AIMS TO TEST THE EFFICACY OF MICROSITE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES, BOTH ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC, ON A WIDELY DIVERSE SET OF SPECIES NATIVE TO THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST RANGELANDS. USING NEW FURROWING TECHNIQUES, SEED COATING TECHNOLOGIES, AND SOIL INOCULUM TREATMENTS, WE WILL TEST HOW MICROSITE MANAGEMENT CAN INFLUENCE DIVERSE SEED SUCCESS. WE WILL ALSO MEASURE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE TRAITS OF EACH SPECIES AND USE THESE TO BUILD A PREDICTIVE UNDERSTANDING OF SPECIES THAT WILL BENEFIT MOST STRONGLY FROM MICROSITE MANAGEMENT. FINALLY, WE WILL MEASURE ECOSYSTEM SERVICE PROVISION ACROSS THE FULL SEED MIX AND INDIVIDUALSPECIES TO BUILD COMPREHENSIVE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES OF EACH TREATMENT AND RESULTING OUTCOMES ON THE GROUND. BASED ON OUR FINDINGS, WE WILL FOSTER DEEPER RELATIONSHIPS WITH COMMERCIAL PARTNERS TO MAKE THESE TECHNIQUES WIDELY AVAILABLE, AND WE WILL CREATE A SERIES OF MEDIA-RELATED AND LITERATURE-BASED OUTPUTS TO ILLUSTRATE THE TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS TO RANGELAND MANAGERS, RESTORATION PRACTITIONERS, AND PRODUCERS. THIS WORK WILL SUPPORT THE USDA'S OVERARCHING GOAL OF STRENGTHENING STEWARDSHIP AND ENHANCING CONSERVATION, WHILE ALSO ADDRESSING FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS AROUND THE OPTIMIZATION OF GOODS AND SERVICES ON WORKING LANDSCAPES.