**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** DIETARY INCORPORATION OF PULSE CROPS MAY BE AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO LOWER UNHEALTHY ELEVATIONS IN SERUM BILE ACIDS. THESE ELEVATIONS PLAY A DIRECT ROLE IN PROMOTING OBESITY RELATED DISEASES ESTIMATED TO BE PRESENT IN ABOUT 1/3 OF THE US ADULT POPULATION, INCLUDING NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. OUR OVERARCHING HYPOTHESIS IS THAT PULSE CONSUMPTION INCREASES BILE ACID SECRETION AND EXCRETION, WHICH WILL DECREASE TOXICITY LINKED TO EXCESS ACCUMULATION OF BILE IN THE LIVER, IMPROVE METABOLISM, AND LOWER RESULTING LEVELS OF BILE ACIDS IN THE SERUM. IN DIRECT ALIGNMENT WITH THE USDA-AFRI FOOD, SAFETY, NUTRITION, AND HEALTH PRIORITY TO ADDRESS OBESITY AND RELATED CHRONIC DISEASE WITH INCREASED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION AND ALSO WITH THE AMERICAN PULSE ASSOCIATION CALL TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF REGULAR PULSE CONSUMPTION ON HUMAN PHYSICAL WELL-BEING, OUR LONG-TERM RESEARCH GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH EFFECTIVE AND PRACTICAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES UTILIZING DIETARY INCORPORATION OF PULSE CROPS TO PREVENT OR REVERSE OBESITY DRIVEN DISEASES. OUR SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES IN THIS PROPOSAL ARE TO 1) DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ACUTE LENTIL INGESTION ON SERUM POSTPRANDIAL BILE ACID RESPONSES AND COMPOSITION IN A HUMAN COHORT WITH OBESITY, AND 2) DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF DAILY LENTIL CONSUMPTION FOR 12 WEEKS ON SERUM FASTING AND POSTPRANDIAL BILE ACID CONCENTRATIONS AND COMPOSITION IN AN OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE COHORT WITH ELEVATED POSTPRANDIAL TRIGLYCERIDES. THIS PROPOSAL IS BEING SUBMITTED IN RESPONSE TO THE AMERICAN PULSE ASSOCIATION COMMODITY BOARD SPONSERED TOPIC OF INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT PULSE CROP CONSUMPTION ON HEALTH.