TETRACYCLINES ARE THE MOST COMMONLY USED ANTIBIOTIC FOR TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF DISEASE INHUMANS AND LIVESTOCK, INCLUDING HONEY BEES. LIKE OTHER ANTIBIOTICS, TETRACYCLINES HAVE BEEN CLASSIFIED AS A CHEMICAL THAT NEGATIVELY AFFECTS HORMONES BECAUSE OF ITS IMPACT ON REPRODUCTIVE CELLS. IN MAMMALS, OXYTETRACYCLINE HAS BEEN SHOWN TO DECREASE THE MOVEMENT OF SPERM AND THE AMOUNT OF LIVE SPERM, IT CAUSES DAMAGE TO TESTICLES, AND REDUCES THE PRODUCTION OF SPERM AND REPRODUCTIVE FERTILITY OVERALL. HOWEVER, THE IMPACT OF TETRACYCLINES ON HONEY BEE REPRODUCTION HAS NOT BEEN INVESTIGATED. HISTORICALLY, A HONEY BEE QUEEN'S LIFESPAN WAS 2-7 YEARS, BUT NOW 50% OF COLONIES REPLACE THEIR QUEENS WITHIN SIX MONTHS. A COLONY WILL REPLACE THEIR QUEEN FOR SEVERAL REASONS, INCLUDING LACK OF STORED SPERM WITHIN THE QUEEN. COLONIES THAT ARE FAILING HAVE QUEENS WITH LOW SPERM COUNTS AND SPERM COUNTS ARE HIGHLY VARIABLE IN DRONES (THE MALE HONEY BEE), BUT IT IS UNCLEAR WHY. GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF QUEEN REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS TO HONEY BEE COLONY SURVIVAL, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DIMINISHED REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY IN BOTH QUEENS AND DRONES. ADDITIONALLY, THE GUT MICROBIOME (COMMUNITY OF BACTERIA THAT LIVE IN THE GUT) HAS BEEN SHOWN TO PLAY A ROLE IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HONEY BEE WORKERS BUT ITS IMPORTANCE IN QUEEN AND DRONE HEALTH AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT ARE UNKNOWN. HERE WE AIM TO DETERMINE HOW ANTIBIOTICS IMPACT THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF HONEY BEE 1) QUEENS, AND 2) DRONES, AND 3) INVESTIGATE THE LINK BETWEEN THE MICROBIOME AND REPRODUCTION IN HONEY BEES.