**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** MODERN FARM BUSINESSES HAVE EVOLVED FROM MIXED TO SPECIALIZED FARMS (CROPS AND LIVESTOCK ARE MANAGED INDEPENDENTLY). SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FARMS (SMF) NEED TO FIND WAYS TO AUGMENT THEIR INCOME LEADING TO GREATER PROFITABILITY IN ORDER TO STAY COMPETITIVE WITH LARGER ENTERPRISES. RESEARCH BY THE PD HAS SHOWN THAT GRAZING A COMBINATION OF NATIVE RANGE AND ANNUAL FORAGES WITH YEARLING STEERS FOR GREATER THAN 200 DAYS PRIOR TO FEEDLOT ENTRY RESULTED IN GREATER EFFICIENCY AND NET RETURN TO THE INTEGRATED SYSTEM. WHEN ADOPTING A MULTI-CROP ROTATION (MCR), FERTILIZER INPUT WAS REDUCED TO ZERO AND MICROBIAL NUTRIENT CYCLING WAS IMPROVED. THEREFORE, THE HYPOTHESIS OF THIS PROJECT IS THAT INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS COUPLED WITH REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES CAN ENHANCE SMF PROFIT MARGINS RELATED TO FEMALE REPLACEMENT STRATEGIES. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ARE TO 1) EVALUATE PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCIES IN USING SINGLE-TAI HEIFER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH STOCKER- FEEDER GRAZING PROTOCOLS WITH MCR ANNUAL FORAGES, 2) TRAIN NEW AND ESTABLISHED CATTLE PRODUCERS IN ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES, AND 3) DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT EXTENSION ACTIVITIES REGARDING THE USE OF MCR SYSTEMS WITH HEIFER DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPROVEMENT ON PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCIES FOR SMF. OVER A 4-YR PERIOD, HEIFERS WILL BE ASSIGNED TO ONE OF THREE TREATMENT GROUPS RELATED TO GRAZING AND BREEDING PROTOCOLS. COMPREHENSIVE PRODUCTION AND ECONOMIC RECORDS WILL BE UTILIZED TO UNDERSTAND EFFICIENCIES WITHIN EACH TREATMENT GROUP. EXTENSION ACTIVITIES RELATED TO SINGLE-TAI AND INTEGRATED CROP AND RANCHING SYSTEMS WILL BE CONDUCTED RELATIVE TO SMF. THIS PROJECT ALIGNS WITH PROGRAM AREA PRIORITY A1601.