**AWARDS ISSUED PRIOR TO JANUARY 20, 2025, WERE FUNDED UNDER PREVIOUS ADMINISTRATIONS AND MAY NOT REFLECT THE PRIORITIES AND POLICIES OF THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION.** EXOSOMES ARE NATURAL NANOPARTICLES THAT ARE ABUNDANT IN MILK. ANTIBIOTICS-RESISTANT CLOSTRIDIODES (CLOSTRIDIUM) DIFFICILE AND ENTEROBACTER FAECALIS ARE MAJOR CAUSES OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE IN THE USA. THIS RESEARCH STUDIES WHETHER DIETARY DEPLETION OF MILK (MILK EXOSOMES) SELECTS FOR MUTANTS OF CLOSTRIDIODES (CLOSTRIDIUM) DIFFICILE AND ENTEROBACTER FAECALIS THAT ARE MORE VIRULENT THAN CLOSTRIDIODES (CLOSTRIDIUM) DIFFICILE AND ENTEROBACTER FAECALIS LIVING IN A MILK EXOSOME-SUFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT (GUT).