NEW YORK IS RANKED SECOND FORAPPLE PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES, PRODUCING APPROXIMATELY 29.5 MILLION BUSHELS ANNUALLY. HOWEVER, APPLE SCAB,CAUSED BY THE FUNGAL PATHOGEN VENTURIA INAEQUALIS, IS ONE OF THE MOST ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT DISEASES AFFECTING APPLE, WHICH CAUSES DARK BROWN, SCABBYLESIONS ON THE FRUIT AND LEAVES OFAPPLE ANDRESULTS IN UNMARKETABLE FRUIT. IN THE ABSENCE OF DURABLE RESISTANCE, FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS ARE THE PRIMARY MEANS OF MANAGEMENT, AND AS MANY AS TEN APPLICATIONS MAY BE REQUIRED PER SEASON IN COOL, WET CLIMATES. TWO MAJOR CONSEQUENCES OF THIS HIGH FUNGICIDE INPUT INCLUDE NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IS NEEDED TO ENSURE THESE IMPACTS ARE MINIMIZED. THEREFORE, OBJECTIVE 1 AIMS TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE DOSE OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATION AFFECTS SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE IN ORCHARD POPULATIONS. TO UNDERSTAND THIS RELATIONSHIP, FIELD STUDIES WILL BE CONDUCTED WHERE TWO DIFFERENT DOSES (HIGH AND LOW) OF A SINGLE FUNGICIDE WILL BE APPLIED OVER THE COURSE OF THE GROWING SEASON AND SUBSEQUENT FUNGICIDE SENSITIVITY OF RESULTING VENTURIA INAEQUALIS POPULATIONS WILL BE EVALUATED. THIS WILL INFORM US OF THE APPLICATION DOSE MOST APPROPRIATE TO RECOMMEND FOR GROWER USE IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN LONGEVITY OF THESE FUNGICIDES. FURTHERMORE, OBJECTIVE 2 AIMS TO INCREASE SUSTAINABILITY OF FUNGICIDE APPLICATIONS THROUGH EVALUATING MORE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES THAT RELY PARTIALLY ON BIOLOGICALLY-DERIVED PRODUCTS RATHER THAN SOLELY ON CONVENTIONAL CHEMICALS. THE GOAL OF THIS OBJECTIVE IS TO INCORPORATE MORE ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS IN A MANAGEMENT REGIME WITH MODERN HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND DISEASE FORECASTING. TO EVALUATE THE COMMERCIAL FEASIBILITY OF THIS STRATEGY, FIELD STUDIES INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS WITH CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTS WILL BE EVALUATED IN COMPARISON TO A SOLELY CONVENTIONAL FUNGICIDE PROGRAM IN THE CONTEXT OF TREE ARCHITECTURE AND DISEASE FORECASTING. DISEASE INCIDENCE DATA WILL BE TAKEN TO UNDERSTAND CONTROL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CONVENTIONAL AND INTEGRATED PROGRAM. TAKEN TOGETHER, THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO MORE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE USING SAFER PRACTICES, IMPACTING NOT ONLY APPLE GROWERS BUT ALSO CONSUMERS. IDEALLY, THESE FINDINGS MAY EXTEND BEYOND APPLES AND TO ALL PERENNIAL CROPS NECESSITATING CONSIDERABLE FUNGICIDE INPUTS.