GRASSLANDS PROVIDE VALUABLE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES INCLUDING: EROSION PROTECTION, CLIMATE MITIGATION, FOOD AND PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE, HABITAT FOR WILDLIFE AND POLLINATORS AND AESTHETIC VALUE. THE CAPACITY OF GRASSLANDS TO PROVIDE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, HOWEVER, IS OFTEN LIMITED BY A LACK OF PLANT BIODIVERSITY. THIS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE OF MANY GRASSLANDS IN THE EASTERN US THAT ARE DOMINATED BY TALL FESCUE (FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA) A NON-NATIVE, COOL-SEASON GRASS THAT IS TYPICALLY TOXIC TO CATTLE. WE ARGUE THAT ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY TALL FESCUE-DOMINATED GRASSLANDS CAN BE IMPROVED BY INCREASING THE PLANT BIODIVERSITY AVAILABLE TO BEEF CATTLE AND BEES. TO TEST THIS IDEA, WE PROPOSE TO ESTABLISH AND GRAZE GRASSLANDS THAT CONTAIN NATIVE WARM-SEASON GRASSES MIXED WITH DIVERSE WILDFLOWERS. THIS LAND SHARING APPROACH, WHERE BEEF CATTLE AND BEES SHARE THE SAME LAND REPLETE WITH WARM-SEASON GRASSES AND WILDFLOWERS, WILL HELP IMPROVE THE OUTPUT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BY PROVIDING IMPROVED BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION (PROVISIONING SERVICE) AND GENERATING VALUABLE POLLINATION RESOURCES (REGULATING SERVICE) COMPARED WITH TALL FESCUE-DOMINATED GRASSLAND. THE PROPOSED PROJECT WILL INVOLVE REPLICATED FIELD EXPERIMENTS AND ON-FARM TRIALS ACROSS VIRGINIA. ADDITIONALLY, WE WILL INCLUDE A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE BEEF PRODUCER'S WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT BIODIVERSE GRASSLANDS AND THEIR PROFITABILITY. THE PROPOSAL DIRECTLY ADDRESSES THE PROGRAM PRIORITY RELATING TO THE ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW MANAGEMENT/CONSERVATION PRACTICES THAT INCREASE THE OUTPUT OR VALUE OF MORE THAN ONE ECOSYSTEM SERVICE. THE PROPOSED WORK SEEKS TO MANAGE PLANT BIODIVERSITY TO INCREASE BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION AND POLLINATOR ABUNDANCE BEYOND THAT OF THE CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OUR REGION - BEEF CATTLE GRAZING LOW DIVERSITY TALL FESCUE-DOMINATED GRASSLAND.