THE RESEARCH WILL IDENTIFY THE PROFITABILITY OF COVER CROPS AND POST-PLANT NITROGEN APPLICATIONS. WE WILL EXAMINE PROFITABILITY OF USERS AND NON-USERS OF BOTH TECHNOLOGIES, THEREBY PROVIDING AN OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE PRACTICES. WE ALSO WILL EXAMINE IF SOME FARMERS ARE MORE PROFITABLE IN THE USE OF COVER CROPS AND IN THE USE OF POST-PLANT NITROGEN APPLICATIONS. ONCE MORE PROFITABLE FARMERS ARE IDENTIFIED, WE WILL IDENTIFY PRACTICES USED BY MORE PROFITABLE FARMS, AND DISSEMINATE THOSE PRACTICES TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC.BESIDES PROFITABILITY, THERE MAY BE CONSTRAINTS LIMITING THE ADOPTION OF COVER CROPS AND POST-PLANT NITROGEN APPLICATIONS. COVER CROPS USE LEADS TO RELATIVELY LARGE CHANGES TO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS RELATED TO ESTABLISHING AND TERMINATING THE COVER CROP. IMPROPER TERMINATION CAN LEAD TO LOWER YIELDS IN THE FOLLOWING CROP, THEREBY INCREASING RISKS. POST-PLANT NITROGEN APPLICATIONS OCCUR IN A NARROW TIME WINDOW, POTENTIALLY LEADING TO CONCERNS ABOUT NOT BEING ABLE TO APPLY NITROGEN RESULTING IN YIELD LOSSES. WE WILL EXAMINE THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE CONCERNS, AND PROVIDE AN EVALUATION OF PUBLIC POLICY OPTIONS FOR ALLEVIATING THOSE CONCERNS.