WHEREAS SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES (SMBHS) ARE FOUND IN ESSENTIALLY EVERY GALACTIC BULGE VERY FEW SMBHS ARE KNOWN IN PURELY BULGELESS GALAXIES. AS CLASSICAL GALACTIC BULGES ARE TYPICALLY ONLY FORMED THROUGH GALAXY INTERACTIONS OR MERGERS IDENTIFYING
$60,148FY2021National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
George Mason University, Fairfax VA