THE PROPOSED RESEARCH'S OVERARCHING GOAL IS TO ASSESS THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND DEGREE OF ELECTRICITY ACCESS DEFICITS AND EXPLORE HOW FUTURE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY TO CLOSE THOSE DEFICITS AND MEET GROWING DEMAND WILL IMPACT EMISSIONS. IN PARTICULAR OUR PROJECT EXAMINES THREE RESEARCH QUESTIONS: (1) WHERE AND TO WHAT DEGREE ARE THERE GAPS IN ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY (AND ELECTRIFICATION) GLOBALLY AND HOW HAVE THESE GAPS CHANGED OVER THE PAST DECADE? (2) WHAT IS THE LATENT UNMET ELECTRICITY DEMAND IN AREAS WITHOUT ELECTRIFICATION OR WITH INTERMITTENT ELECTRICITY ACCESS? (3) HOW WILL ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR LOW AND NO ACCESS AREAS EVOLVE GIVEN DIFFERENT SOCIOECONOMIC AND CLIMATE FUTURES? HOW WILL THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY REQUIRED TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND SHAPE EMISSIONS AND IMPACT CLIMATE COMMITMENTS? THIS PROJECT DEVELOPS AN URGENTLY NEEDED ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S ELECTRICITY PROVISION AND SCENARIOS FOR ITS EXPANSION. AS THE BASIS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY WE RELY ON SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF NIGHTLIGHTS FROM THE NEW NASA BLACK MARBLE STANDARD PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM THE VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE DAY/NIGHT BAND ONBOARD SUOMI-NPP AND NOAA-20. DAILY TIME-SERIES OF NIGHTTIME LIGHTS ARE THE INPUT FOR A DEEP LEARNING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK TO DETECT ANOMALIES ASSOCIATED WITH OUTAGES. NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY ARE THEN COMBINED WITH SPATIALIZED FORECASTS OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND TO 2050 TO ASSESS HOW ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND ASSOCIATED EMISSIONS WILL NEED TO GROW IN THE FUTURE TO MEET UNIVERSAL ELECTRICITY ACCESS TARGETS. THE SPATIOTEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND AND THE ASSOCIATED ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR LINKING TO PROXIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND TO DISTAL CHANGE PROPAGATED THROUGH GRID NETWORKS. IN ADDITION THE EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTRICITY SUPPLY GROWTH WILL BE OF INTEREST TO IAM AND CARBON CYCLE SCIENTISTS SINCE CURRENT MODELS POORLY ACCOUNT FOR GAPS IN ELECTRICITY RELIABILITY.