FIRE IS A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF THE EARTH SYSTEM. NASA S EARTH OBSERVING SATELLITES MONITOR ACTIVE FIRES MAP BURNED AREA AND ESTIMATE TRACE GAS AND AEROSOL EMISSIONS FROM FIRES WORLDWIDE. GLOBALLY FIRES EMIT MORE THAN 2 PG C PER YEAR YET IMPORTANT CHALLENGES REMAIN WITH RESPECT TO INTEGRATING FIRE EMISSIONS INTO CARBON MONITORING SYSTEMS. ONE IMPEDIMENT TO ROUTINE MONITORING REPORTING AND VERIFICATION (MRV) OF FIRES IS THE NEED FOR EMISSIONS INFORMATION OVER A RANGE OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SCALES. ON DAILY TO WEEKLY TIME SCALES NEAR-REAL TIME FIRE EMISSIONS DATA ARE NEEDED TO SUPPORT FORECASTS AND RESPONSE EFFORTS DURING WILDFIRE EMERGENCIES. TIME SERIES OF ANNUAL FIRE EMISSIONS BY FIRE TYPE SUCH AS PRODUCTS FROM THE GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS DATABASE (GFED) ARE IMPORTANT FOR GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING AT REGIONAL NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SCALES INCLUDING THE GLOBAL CARBON PROJECT S ANNUAL CARBON BUDGET. OVER LONGER TIME SCALES THE 17-YEAR MODERATE RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTROMETER (MODIS) DATA RECORD NOW CAPTURES IMPORTANT YEAR-TO-YEAR VARIABILITY AND SECULAR TRENDS IN GLOBAL FIRE ACTIVITY FROM CHANGING LAND USE AND CLIMATE. HERE WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP A SUITE OF GFED PRODUCTS TO BETTER INTEGRATE FIRE EMISSIONS INFORMATION INTO EXISTING CARBON MONITORING SYSTEMS. NEW PRODUCTS SPECIFICALLY TARGET CARBON MONITORING SYSTEM AND STAKEHOLDER NEEDS FOR LOW-LATENCY DATA PRODUCTS IMPROVED ESTIMATES OF GLOBAL BURNING AND TRENDS AND A DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTRIBUTIONS FROM FIRE TO THE GLOBAL METHANE BUDGET. FIRST WE WILL CREATE A NEAR-REAL TIME GFED EMISSIONS PRODUCT USING NEW 375 M RESOLUTION VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGING RADIOMETER SUITE (VIIRS) ACTIVE FIRE DETECTIONS. IN PARALLEL WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP AND RELEASE GFED VERSION 5 BUILDING ON IMPROVEMENTS TO COLLECTION 6 MODIS BURNED AREA VIIRS ACTIVE FIRE DETECTIONS AND NOVEL CONSTRAINTS ON FUEL LOADS FROM BIOMASS DATASETS DEVELOPED BY PRIOR NASA CARBON MONITORING SYSTEM (CMS) PROJECTS. THIRD WE WILL RUN GEOS-CHEM ATMOSPHERIC MODEL SIMULATIONS TO ESTIMATE THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL FIRE ACTIVITY ON METHANE EMISSIONS AND METHANE LIFETIMES BASED ON CHANGING HYDROXYL RADICAL (OH) CONCENTRATIONS. FOURTH SATELLITE DATA SUGGEST A STRONG DECLINE IN SAVANNA AND GRASSLAND FIRES OVER THE PAST TWO DECADES; WE PROPOSE TO EVALUATE CHANGING FIRE DYNAMICS USING INDIVIDUAL FIRE INFORMATION AND HIGHER RESOLUTION LANDSAT 8 AND SENTINEL-2 DATA FOR CASE STUDY REGIONS WITH DECLINING FIRE ACTIVITY. FINALLY WE WILL UPDATE AND EXPAND THE ONLINE GFED ANALYSIS TOOL TO SERVE NEARREAL TIME GFED5 PRODUCTS AND SUPPORT STAKEHOLDER INTEREST IN FIRE ACTIVITY AND REPORTING AT A RANGE OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL SCALES. THIS SUITE OF GFED5 PRODUCTS SPECIFICALLY TARGETS DATA NEEDS FOR ONGOING CMS-FLUX RESEARCH GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF CO2 AND CH4 BY THE GLOBAL CARBON PROJECT AND NOAA S CARBON TRACKER AND SCIENTIFIC AND MEDIA INTEREST IN LARGE WILDFIRE COMPLEXES AS THEY DEVELOP. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH DIRECTLY RESPONDS TO THREE COMPONENTS OF THE ROSES A.7 CMS RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT INCLUDING THE NEED TO ADVANCE REMOTE SENSING-BASED APPROACHES TO MONITORING REPORTING AND VERIFICATION EXTEND AND/OR IMPROVE EXISTING CMS PRODUCTS FOR BIOMASS OR FLUX RESULTING FROM NASA S FIRST PHASES OF CMS PILOT STUDIES AND ENHANCE NATIONAL REPORTED CARBON EMISSIONS INVENTORIES. THE PROPOSED EFFORT WILL PROVIDE CONSISTENT GLOBAL FIRE EMISSIONS DATA PRODUCTS FOR OVER TWO DECADES GROUNDED IN NASA SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS TO SUPPORT GREENHOUSE GAS MRV EFFORTS AND ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF FIRE IN THE EARTH SYSTEM. INVESTMENTS IN NEAR-REAL TIME GFED PRODUCTS AND AN ONLINE DATA DELIVERY AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM WILL HARNESS THE FULL POTENTIAL OF NASA S REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS FOR STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND RESEARCH NEEDS ON FIRE CARBON LOSSES ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND ATTRIBUTION OF CHANGING FIRE DYNAMICS TO HUMAN ACTIVITY AND CLIMATE.