WE PROPOSE A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM OF INNOVATIVE OBSERVATION ANALYSIS AND THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION TO ATTACK THE CENTRAL GOAL OF THE FOCUSED SCIENCE TOPIC: ADVANCES TOWARD A NEAR REAL-TIME DESCRIPTION OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND INNER HELIOSPHERE. WE WILL MAKE TWO CRITICALLY REQUIRED CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD ACHIEVING THIS GOAL: (1) DEVELOP TEMPORALLY STABLE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY (SDO) HELIOSEISMIC MAGNETIC IMAGER (HMI) VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS AND (2) DEVELOP ACCURATE SELF-CONSISTENT PHOTOSPHERIC OWS IN ACTIVE REGIONS (ARS) THAT CAN BE USED TO CALCULATE ESTIMATES OF THE ENERGY AND HELICITY TRANSPORT THROUGH THE PHOTOSPHERE FOR CHARACTERIZING THE NEAR REAL-TIME STATE OF THE CORONA. THE PHOTOSPHERIC MAGNETIC ELDS PLAY A CRITICAL ROLE IN MANY MODELS OF THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE. THEREFORE IMPROVING PHOTOSPHERIC VECTOR MAGNETOGRAMS HAS A CASCADING IMPACT ON ALL MODELING THAT DEPENDS ON THIS BOUNDARY.