THE OSIRIS-REX MISSION REPRESENTS THE INCREDIBLE OPPORTUNITY TO RETURN AND ANALYZE A SAMPLE CHEMICALLY AND MECHANICALLY. HOWEVER IT WILL ALSO SERVE AS A TEST-BED OBSERVING AND TRACKING REGOLITH DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES IN A MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT AS NEVER BEFORE. IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL GAIN WE WILL AID THE SCIENCE TEAM IN ADVANCE OF RENDEZVOUS BY REFINING PREDICTIONS OF WHAT WE WILL ENCOUNTER AT BENNU AND TO BE WITH THE TEAM READY TO ADAPT MODELS AS THE DATA COMES IN. WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE TYPES OF GRANULAR DYNAMIC ACTIVITY AFFECTING ARRANGEMENT OF REGOLITH TYPES AND DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE SURFACE OF BENNU AND INFER THE GRANULAR PROCESSES TAKING PLACE AT AND BENEATH ITS SURFACE. A MORE COMPLETE DIAGNOSTIC OF THE ONGOING EVOLUTION WILL FURTHER OUR UNDERSTANDING OF NEO COMPOSITION AND NEO LIFE-CYCLES SIGNIFICANT FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE EXPLORATION AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES SUCH AS KINETIC IMPACTORS ALL OF WHICH RELY HEAVILY ON KNOWLEDGE OF THE TARGET'S INTERNAL STRUCTURE. IN PARTICULAR WE WILL INVESTIGATE REGOLITH DEVELOPMENT AND MIGRATION THROUGH IMPACTS AND THERMAL EFFECTS AND DETERMINE THE EXTENT TO WHICH SEISMICALLY INDUCED VIBRATIONS IN TURN INDUCE REGOLITH MOTION ON BENNU AFFECTING GRAIN-PACKING RELEVANT TO THE TAGSAM OPERATION. WE PLAN TO QUANTIFY THESE EFFECTS BY USING THE DISCRETE ELEMENT CODE PKDGRAV WITH A SOFT-SPHERE CONTACT MODEL TO SIMULATE THESE PROCESSES. WE ALSO PREDICT THAT MATERIAL THAT MIGRATES TO LOWER LATITUDES DUE TO YORP SPIN UP WOULD HAVE INCLUDED ROCKS AND GRAINS THAT DO NOT SUPPORT RELATIVELY HIGH ANGLES OF REPOSE. WE WILL COMPARE RESULTS TO OTHER EQUATORIAL-BULGE FORMATION SCENARIOS INCLUDING THE BREAKUP AND REACCRETION OF A COMPANION. THUS WE WILL ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE INFORMED ANSWERS TO THE QUESTION OF HOW BENNU'S SURFACE EVOLVED AS THE BODY SPUN UP. ALSO HOW HAS IT EVOLVED SINCE? SUBSEQUENT COLLISIONS AT EPOCHS OF DIFFERING SURFACE POTENTIAL (DUE TO DIFFERING SPINS) WOULD CONTINUE TO REDISTRIBUTE REGOLITH THUS BENNU'S SURFACE IS LIKELY STILL EVOLVING. WE WILL TAKE ACCOUNT OF BENNU'S CRATERS AND INVESTIGATE EACH OF THE SIGNIFICANT CRATERING EVENTS BY SIMULATING THE EJECTA EVOLUTION AS WELL AS HOW THE IMPACTS CONTRIBUTED TO AREAS OF VIBRATIONAL LOADING OF REGOLITH. THUS OUR STUDIES WILL ALLOW US TO BE READY TO EXPLAIN WHAT OSIRIS-REX FINDS ONCE IT ARRIVES. THIS WILL ASSIST THE REGOLITH DEVELOPMENT TEAM IN PREDICTING AND MAPPING OUT REGOLITH CHARACTERISTICS JUST BENEATH THE SURFACE. WE HAVE THE CAPABILITY AND COMPUTATIONAL POWER TO EXPLORE PARAMETER SPACE TO BE READY TO ADAPT MODELS TO OBSERVATIONS OF THE SURFACE (SUCH AS BOULDER SIZES AND ANGLES OF REPOSE THAT THE GRAINS EXHIBIT). RELATED TO CONDITIONS JUST BENEATH THE SURFACE WE ALSO CAN ASSIST TEAM MEMBERS IN ADDRESSING QUESTIONS OF HOW HEAT PROPAGATES FROM THE SURFACE INTO LAYERS OF REGOLITH JUST BELOW. THIS WILL DEPEND ON THERMAL MODELS AS WELL AS ON CONDUCTION OF THE MATERIAL AND THUS THE REGOLITH POROSITY. OUR PROPOSAL TEAM INCLUDES EXPERTS IN THE USE OF PKDGRAV; THE CONTACT AREA BETWEEN PARTICLES CAN BE USED AS A PROXY FOR CONDUCTION WHICH WILL DEPEND ON POROSITY AND DIFFERENT PACKING CONFIGURATIONS. WE PURPOSE TO HELP ADDRESS EFFECTS ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT DUE TO N2(G) INJECTION INTO REGOLITH DURING TAG. SPECIFICALLY HOW MUCH MATERIAL DO WE EXPECT IT TO KICK UP AND AT WHAT VELOCITIES? AND HOW DOES THIS DEPEND ON REGOLITH POROSITY? HOW LONG WILL MATERIAL LINGER ABOVE THE SURFACE AND WHERE WILL IT END UP? (THIS CAN ALSO BE PHRASED AS: HOW LOCAL WILL THE TAG EVENT BE?) AS THE EJECTA FATE WORKING GROUP LEAD ON THE AIDA MISSION THE PI HAS EXPERIENCE MODELING EJECTA TRAJECTORIES IN LOW-GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS. WE ARE LOOKING FORWARD TO DETAILING EACH OF THESE CONTRIBUTIONS AND HAVING OUR PARTICIPATION COMPLIMENT THE WORK OF THE OSIRIS-REX SCIENCE TEAM.
$146,998FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Arizona, Tucson AZ