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BACKGROUND: SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED CAN REVEAL THE MINERALOGY AND MINERAL CHEMISTRY (E.G. FE2+ PROPORTION) ON THE SURFACE OF A PLANETARY BODY. ON AIRLESS BODIES HOWEVER THE SURFACE EXPERIENCES VARIOUS PROCESSES SUCH AS BEING BOMBARDED WITH COSMIC RAY AND SOLAR WIND PARTICLES AND MICROMETEORITES. THESE PROCESSES ARE COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS SPACE WEATHERING. AS A RESULT THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE REGOLITH CHANGES WHICH 1) DESTROY THE PRISTINE SURFACE MATERIAL THAT HOLDS IMPORTANT INFORMATION RELATED TO THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE PLANETARY BODY AND 2) OBSCURE THE IMPORTANT VISIBLE AND NEARINFRARED SPECTRAL FEATURES NEEDED TO DETERMINE THE MINERALOGY AND MINERAL CHEMISTRY OF A SURFACE FROM REMOTE DATA. A MAIN PRODUCT OF SPACE WEATHERING IS SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES WHICH ARE CREATED DURING MELT/VAPOR DEPOSITION. THE PRESENCE OF THESE PARTICLES CAUSES THE REFLECTANCE OF THE VISIBLE AND NEAR-INFRARED TO DECREASE THE CONTINUUM TO BECOME REDDENED (E.G. MOON MERCURY) OR BLUER (CTYPE ASTEROIDS) AND SPECTRAL FEATURES TO BECOME MORE SUBDUED. BY USING THESE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS SEVERAL WORKERS WERE ABLE TO PRODUCE SPACE WEATHERING MAPS OR SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLE MAPS FOR THE MOON AND MERCURY. THESE MAPS HAVE REVEALED THAT RELATIVE REFLECTANCE ALONE CANNOT BE USED TO FIND IMMATURE MATERIAL. FOR EXAMPLE ON MERCURY THE NANOPHASE IRON ABUNDANCE MAP CLEARLY SHOWS CRATER RAYS AS THEY ARE LOW IN NANOPHASE IRON DUE TO THE FRESHLY EJECTED MATERIAL LACK EXPOSURE TO SPACE WEATHERING. HOWEVER IN THE NANOPHASE AMORPHOUS CARBON MAPS ONLY A FEW OF THE FRESH CRATERS WERE LOW IN NANOPHASE CARBON MATERIAL ILLUSTRATING THAT USING BOTH NANOPHASE PARTICLE MAPS CAN INDICATE WHICH CRATER RAYS ARE THE FRESHEST. ONE OF THE GOALS OF THE OSIRIS-REX MISSION IS TO OBTAIN PRISTINE CARBONACEOUS REGOLITH SAMPLES BUT THIS CANNOT BE DONE WITHOUT SPACE WEATHERING MAPS. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSED WORK IS TO PRODUCE A RADIATIVE TRANSFER-BASED SPACE WEATHERING MAP THAT PROVIDES RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF NANOPHASE AND MICROPHASE PARTICLES. THESE MAPS WOULD THEN BE USED TO SUPPORT SITE SELECTION FOR SAMPLING. OBJECTIVES: THE PROPOSED WORK HAS TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES THE FIRST OBJECTIVE IS TO CALIBRATE THE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL TO LABORATORY SPACE WEATHERED SPECTRA OF SEVERAL SUBMICROSCOPIC MINERALS SUCH AS SULFIDES MAGNETITE AND CARBON (AMORPHOUS AND GRAPHITE). THE SECOND OBJECTIVE IS TO USE THE OVIRS DATA AND USE THE HAPKE RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCES OF SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES AND IDENTIFY THE MOST IMMATURE REGIONS AND CRATERS ON BENNU. RELEVANCE: THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO PROVIDE A RELATIVE SPACE WEATHERING MAP USING RADIATIVE TRANSFER TO ASSIST IN FINDING THE MOST PRISTINE MATERIAL ON THE SURFACE. THIS WOULD ENHANCE PLANNED MISSION ACTIVITIES BY HELPING THE OSIRIS-REX PROJECT REACH BASELINE REQUIREMENT 12) SEARCH FOR AND CHARACTERIZE THE EFFECTS OF SPACE WEATHERING ON BENNU.

$223,930FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

University Of Hawaii, Honolulu

Investigators

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