GGrantIndex
← Search

OPEN CLUSTERS ARE IDEAL LABORATORIES TO STUDY STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS. THEY REPRESENT HOMOGENEOUS COLLECTIONS OF HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF STARS THAT WERE FORMED TOGETHER AND SHOULD THEREFORE HAVE THE SAME AGE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SPACE MOTION AND DISTANCE. EASILY MEASURED PROPERTIES FOR MEMBER STARS SUCH AS THE BRIGHTNESS AND COLOR CAN BE USED TO INFER SOME OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENSEMBLE INCLUDING THE AGE AND DISTANCE BY COMPARING WITH MODEL ISOCHRONES IN THE COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM. IN RECENT YEARS SPACE MISSIONS SUCH AS COROT AND KEPLER HAVE ENABLED THE DETECTION OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS IN SOME OF THE BRIGHTER OPEN CLUSTER MEMBERS WHICH CAN YIELD ASTEROSEISMIC ESTIMATES OF THE STELLAR MASSES AND RADII THROUGH SIMPLE SCALING RELATIONS ANCHORED ON THE SUN AND ALSO AGES UNDER CERTAIN ASSUMPTIONS. FURTHERMORE WHEN PHOTOMETRIC ROTATION PERIODS OF STARS CAN BE MEASURED IN THEM CLUSTERS WILL WELLKNOWN AGES THEN BECOME ESSENTIAL CALIBRATORS FOR GYROCHRONOLOGY RELATIONS WHICH DESCRIBE HOW STARS SPIN DOWN AS THEY GET OLDER DUE TO MAGNETIC BRAKING FROM STELLAR WINDS. THESE RELATIONS ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE THEY PROVIDE ONE OF THE FEW EMPIRICAL WAYS TO AGE-DATE FIELD STARS. FOR CLUSTERS ENDOWED WITH DETACHED DOUBLE-LINED ECLIPSING BINARIES AMENABLE TO STUDY EVEN STRONGER CONSTRAINTS ON THEIR PROPERTIES BECOME AVAILABLE THAT ARE OF AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT NATURE. THE ABSOLUTE MASSES AND RADII OF THE BINARY COMPONENTS CAN BE MEASURED VERY ACCURATELY AND IN A MODEL-INDEPENDENT WAY PROVIDING AN OPPORTUNITY FOR STRINGENT TESTS OF STELLAR EVOLUTION THEORY. THE AGES THAT CAN ALSO BE OBTAINED BY COMPARISON WITH MODELS CAN SERVE TO VALIDATE OTHER AGE ESTIMATES MENTIONED ABOVE. RUPRECHT 147 IS REMARKABLE IN THAT IT PERMITS ALL OF THESE TYPES OF STUDIES AT THE SAME TIME. IT IS THE OLDEST NEARBY OPEN CLUSTER WITH AN AGE OF ABOUT 3 GYR AND A DISTANCE OF ONLY 300 PC. THIS MAKES IT A FAVORABLE TARGET FOR FOLLOW-UP STUDIES. THE METALLICITY IS WELL DETERMINED FROM PREVIOUS SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS. IT WAS OBSERVED PHOTOMETRICALLY BY THE K2 MISSION FOR 80 DAYS IN LATE 2015 ENABLING BOTH ASTEROSEISMIC AND ROTATION PERIOD STUDIES OF DOZENS OF MEMBERS. WHAT MAKES IT TRULY UNIQUE HOWEVER IS THAT IT HAS NO LESS THAN FIVE ECLIPSING BINARIES BRIGHTER THAN 13TH MAGNITUDE THAT LEND THEMSELVES TO HIGH-PRECISION MASS AND RADIUS DETERMINATIONS. NO OTHER OPEN CLUSTER HAS AS MANY LET ALONE AN OLD ONE. THE BRIGHTEST BINARY HAPPENS TO BE AT THE TIP OF THE TURNOFF AND PROVIDES AN UNUSUALLY STRONG CONSTRAINT ON AGE. A VERY SPECIAL OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDY HAS THUS PRESENTED ITSELF. THIS IS A PROPOSAL TO ANALYZE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE K2 PHOTOMETRY FOR THE FIVE BRIGHT ECLIPSING BINARIES DISCOVERED IN RUPRECHT 147 WITH THE GOAL OF FASHIONING THE CLUSTER INTO AN IMPORTANT NEW BENCHMARK FOR HIGH-PRECISION TESTING OF STELLAR ASTROPHYSICS. WE WILL SUPPLEMENT THE K2 LIGHT CURVES PROCESSED WITH SPECIAL DETRENDING TECHNIQUES WITH GROUND-BASED SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS YIELDING RADIAL VELOCITIES FOR THE STARS. WITH THESE WE WILL DERIVE ACCURATE MASSES RADII AND TEMPERATURES FOR THE COMPONENTS OF EACH BINARY USING WELL-PROVEN CLASSICAL METHODOLOGIES. THE IMPACT OF THE PROJECT IS THAT THE LARGE NUMBER OF BINARIES WILL ALLOW FOR AN UNPRECEDENTED AND EXTRAORDINARILY STRONG TEST OF STELLAR EVOLUTION THEORY OVER A RANGE OF MASSES NOT AVAILABLE FOR ANY OTHER OPEN CLUSTER. THE AGES WE WILL INFER ARE COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT OF AND OF A DIFFERENT NATURE THAN OTHER ESTIMATES IN RUPRECHT 147 COMING FROM ISOCHRONE FITTING IN THE COLOR-MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF THE BRIGHTER CLUSTER MEMBERS OR THE USE OF GYROCHRONOLOGY RELATIONS. WE WILL THUS HAVE A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO CROSS-VALIDATE FOUR DIFFERENT AGE-DATING TECHNIQUES IN THE SAME CLUSTER. ADDITIONALLY OUR ACCURATE ECLIPSING BINARY MASSES AND RADII WILL ENABLE CRUCIAL TESTS OF THE ASTEROSEISMIC SCALING RELATIONS WHICH WILL IMPROVE THEIR USE FOR SINGLE STARS.

$234,857FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA

Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

Investigators

View source on USAspending →