IN SUPPORT OF THE SCIENCE GOALS OF THE SUMMER 2019 NASA FIRECHEM MISSION WE PROPOSE TO DEPLOY THE TRACE ORGANIC GAS ANALYZER (TOGA) COUPLED TO A HIGH RESOLUTION (HR) TOFWERK TIME-OF-FLIGHT (TOF) MASS SPECTROMETER (FAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPH/MASS SPECTROMETER; GC/MS) ON THE NASA DC-8 TO PROVIDE CONTINUOUS ACCURATE AND SENSITIVE MEASUREMENTS OF A LARGE SUBSET OF NONMETHANE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (NMOC) INCLUDING MANY CAMPAIGN PRIORITY LEVEL 1 AND 2 SPECIES. BY PROVIDING A FULL HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTRUM CONTINUOUSLY AT 50 HZ RATE OR BETTER THE TOF MS OFFERS MANY ADVANTAGES OVER OUR PREVIOUSLY-DEPLOYED QUADRUPOLE MS THAT RELIED ON SCANNING A SINGLE ION MASS FRAGMENT FOR EACH COMPOUND OF INTEREST. THE TOF MS ENSURES THAT: (1) NO CHEMICAL INFORMATION IS LOST BY ELIMINATING THE NEED TO PRE-SELECT TARGET IONS PRIOR TO COLLECTING DATA; (2) FULL MASS SPECTRA ARE AVAILABLE FOR ADVANCED COMPOUND IDENTIFICATION EVEN AFTER THE FACT VIA ESTABLISHED MASS SPECTRA LIBRARIES; (3) FAR MORE SPECIES CAN BE QUANTIFIED; (4) NARROW CHROMATOGRAPHIC PEAKS LESS THAN 0.6 S FULL WIDTH AT HALF MAXIMUM (FWHM) DO NOT PRESENT AN ANALYTICAL LIMITATION THAT IS PRESENT IN THE QUADRUPOLE SYSTEM (DUE TO SLOWER SCANNING RATES); (5) HIGH MASS RESOLUTION ALLOWS FOR THE SEPARATION OF ISOBARS A LIMITATION EVEN WITH GC SEPARATION BUT ESPECIALLY WHEN USING FAST GC METHODS; AND (6) GOOD MASS ACCURACY ALLOWS FOR UNAMBIGUOUS IDENTIFICATION OF PEAKS AND CLEAN SEPARATION OF CO-ELUTING SPECIES. THE DETECTION QUALIFICATIONS WILL ENCOMPASS SPECIES WITH MELTING POINTS>-190 C AND BOILING POINTS BETWEEN -45 C AND 220 C. THIS WILL COVER COMPOUNDS IN THE RANGE OF C3-C10 NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS (INCLUDING ISOPRENE AND SPECIATED MONOTERPENES) C1-C7 OXYGENATED VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS INCLUDING ALCOHOLS ALDEHYDES AND KETONES BUT NOT ACIDS C1-C2 HALOCARBONS C1-C4 ALKYL NITRATES HCN CH3CN AND DIMETHYL SULFIDE. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE UPGRADED TOF DETECTOR THE TOGA WE WILL PROPOSE TO DEPLOY HAS BEEN USED IN SEVEN PREVIOUS AIRBORNE MISSIONS WITH EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE AND DATA COVERAGE AND IS CURRENTLY A PART OF THE NASA ATMOSPHERIC TOMOGRAPHY (ATOM) PROJECT ON THE NASA DC-8. DURING THESE DEPLOYMENTS A 35-S INTEGRATED SAMPLE WAS COLLECTED AND ANALYZED EVERY 2 MINUTES. USING THE TOF WILL ENABLE FASTER CHROMATOGRAPHY AS IT WILL ALLOW FOR NARROWER PEAKS WHICH WILL HELP US REDUCE OUR DUTY CYCLE TO 1.5 MINUTES. LIMITS OF DETECTION (LODS) FOR THE QUADRUPOLE VERSION ARE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO ~1 PPTV FOR MOST SPECIES THESE ARE EXPECTED TO BE SIMILAR FOR THE TOF. FURTHERMORE WE ARE DEPLOYING THE TOGA-TOF ON THE NSF/NCAR FOR THE WE-CAN CAMPAIGN IN SUMMER 2018. WE ALSO PROPOSE TO DEPLOY A CANISTER SAMPLING SYSTEM AS AN ADD-ON TO THE TOGA-TOF USING THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED ENTECH SILONITE MINICANS . THIS WILL ALLOW US TO COLLECT WHOLE AIR SAMPLES IN 1 SECOND WHILE SAMPLING THE CENTER OF FIRE PLUMES. THE MINICANS WILL BE ANALYZED WITH THE TOGA-TOF DURING POST-FLIGHT OR ON MAINTENANCE DAYS. WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH AERODYNE RESEARCH INC. TO OPTIMIZE OUR DATA ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING. AN AUTOMATED DATA ANALYSIS TOOL WILL ALLOW IN-FLIGHT PROCESSING SO THAT MIXING RATIOS OF KEY SPECIES WILL BE AVAILABLE TO THE MISSION SCIENTIST IN REAL-TIME. THE INSTRUMENT PACKAGE WILL BE FITTED INTO 1.5 GV RACKS AND WILL CONSUME LESS THAN 2000 W OF POWER. BECAUSE THERE IS STILL MUCH TO BE DISCOVERED WITH QUANTIFYING FIRE EMISSIONS THE POWERFUL TOGA-TOF INSTRUMENT IS IDEAL FOR THE FIRECHEM EXPERIMENT AS IT IS CAPABLE OF IDENTIFYING AND QUANTIFYING BOTH KNOWN (TARGETED) AND UNKNOWN (UNTARGETED) SPECIES IN THE CRITICALLY IMPORTANT QUALIFIED RANGE OF VOCS DETECTABLE BY THIS TECHNIQUE. THE TOGA-TOF WILL BE HIGHLY COMPLEMENTARY TO OTHER POTENTIAL ON-BOARD NMOC MEASUREMENTS SUCH AS THE PTR-TOF-MS WHOLE AIR SAMPLE (WAS) CANISTERS AND CIMS INSTRUMENTS.
$598,205FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Corporation For Atmospheric Research