THE EFFECTS OF HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS OF MICROMETEOROIDS ON ICY PLANETARY BODIES ARE LARGELY UNKNOWN ALTHOUGH OBSERVATIONS OF THE MICROPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE ICY SATELLITES OF JUPITER AND SATURN SUGGEST THAT THESE IMPACTS CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE OVERALL EFFECTS OF THE LOCAL SPACE ENVIRONMENT OF EACH OBJECT. FOR ICY BODIES IN DUST-RICH ENVIRONMENTS MICROMETEOROID IMPACT EFFECTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE AT LEAST ON PAR WITH THE EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET AND CHARGED-PARTICLE IRRADIATION. EVEN IN DUST-POOR REGIONS EXPOSURE TO INTERPLANETARY DUST BOMBARDMENT OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS IS EXPECTED TO SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE PROPERTIES AND EVOLUTION OF ICY SURFACES. WHILE THERE IS AN EXTENSIVE BODY OF LABORATORY RESEARCH INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF RADIATION AND CHARGED PARTICLES ON ICE ONLY NOW WITH THE RECENT IMPLEMENTATION OF CRYOGENIC TARGETS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DUST ACCELERATOR FACILITY IS IT POSSIBLE TO PERFORM SIMILAR STUDIES WITH HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS. WE THEREFORE PROPOSE A SERIES OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS IN WHICH WE WILL CREATE TARGETS OF WATER ICE AS WELL AS FROZEN MIXTURES OF METHANOL AMMONIA AND OTHER ORGANIC-PRECURSORS BOMBARD THEM WITH HYPERVELOCITY MICROMETEOROIDS WITH HIGHLY CONTROLLED AND RELEVANT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (MATERIAL VELOCITY MASS) AND MEASURE AND ANALYZE THE RESULTING IMPACT PRODUCTS USING AN IN-SITU TIME-OF-FLIGHT AND QUADRUPOLE ION TRAP MASS SPECTROMETERS. EXPERIMENTS WILL BE CARRIED OUT USING BOTH METALLIC AND CARBONACEOUS MICROMETEOROID MATERIAL. THE EXECUTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE BASIC CHEMICAL SIGNATURES OF HYPERVELOCITY MICROMETEOROID IMPACTS INTO ICY TARGETS WILL BE WIDELY APPLICABLE TO THE INTERPRETATION OF A VARIETY OF SPACECRAFT AND GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF ICY SURFACES -- FROM THE MOONS OF JUPITER SATURN AND URANUS TO SATURN'S RINGS TO PLUTO AND KUIPER BELT OBJECTS. THIS MAY BE EVIDENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF SIMPLE MOLECULES SUCH AS CO2 OR MORE COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES INCLUDING AMINO ACIDS. THE PROPOSED WORK IS ESPECIALLY TIMELY TO SUPPORT NASA'S UPCOMING FLAGSHIP MISSION TO JUPITER'S ICY MOON EUROPA.
$147,275FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
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