SCIENCE MOTIVATION: CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS (CME) HAVE BEEN EXPLORED AND QUANTIFIED WITH THE TRADITIONAL WHITE-LIGHT THOMSON SCATTERING METHOD ON ONE HAND AND WITH THE NOVEL EUV DIMMING ANALYSIS ON THE OTHER HAND. THE EUV DIMMING METHOD IS SENSITIVE TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE CORONAL FLARE PLASMA IN THE LOWEST DENSITY SCALE HEIGHT OF THE CORONA WHILE THE WHITE-LIGHT METHOD PROBES THE POLARIZED BRIGHTNESS AT HELIOSPHERIC DISTANCES (BEYOND A FEW SOLAR RADII OCCULTED BY THE CORONAGRAPHS). BOTH METHODS COMPLEMENT EACH OTHER AND BOTH METHODS HAVE THEIR OWN (LARGELY) UNKNOWN SYSTEMATIC ERRORS WHICH CAN ONLY BE OVERCOME WHEN MODELING OF BOTH METHODS YIELD MUTUALLY CONSISTENT PHYSICAL PARAMETERS. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD: A NOVEL EUV DIMMING ANALYSIS METHOD HAS RECENTLY BEEN REFINED ALONG THE FOLLOWING LINES: (1) DIFFERENTIAL EMISSION MEASURE ANALYSIS THAT YIELDS FLARE AND CME TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRON DENSITIES; (2) THE CME GEOMETRY IN TERMS OF A 3D SPHERE UNDERGOING SELF-SIMILAR ADIABATIC EXPANSION; (2) THE INCLUSION OF SOLAR GRAVITATIONAL DECELERATION DURING THE ACCELERATION AND PROPAGATION OF THE CME WHICH DISCRIMINATES ERUPTIVE AND CONFINED CMES; (4) A SELF-CONSISTENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CME CENTER-OF-MASS MOTION DETECTED DURING EUV DIMMING AND THE LEADING-EDGE MOTION OBSERVED IN WHITE-LIGHT CORONAGRAPHS; (5) THE EQUI-PARTITION OF THE CME KINETIC AND THERMAL ENERGY; AND (6) THE ROSNER-TUCKER-VAIANA (RTV) SCALING LAW APPLIED TO THE TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM OF HEATING AND COOLING RATES DURING THE FLARE PEAK TIME. THE REFINED CME MODEL IS ENTIRELY BASED ON EUV DIMMING OBSERVATIONS (USING AIA/SDO DATA) AND COMPLEMENTS THE TRADITIONAL WHITE-LIGHT SCATTERING MODEL (USING LASCO/SOHO DATA) AND BOTH MODELS ARE INDEPENDENTLY CAPABLE TO DETERMINE FUNDAMENTAL CME PARAMETERS SUCH AS THE CME MASS SPEED AND ENERGY. SPECIFIC SCIENCE GOALS: A MAJOR GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONSISTENCY AND THE SYSTEMATIC ERRORS OF BOTH THE WHITE-LIGHT SCATTERING AND EUV DIMMING METHODS. WE ENVISION THAT THE DATA ANALYSIS METHOD CAN BE FURTHER REFINED SO THAT BOTH METHODS YIELD CONSISTENT PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN PARTICULAR THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE CME VOLUME MASS SPEED AND ENERGY. SINGLE CASE STUDIES WITH BOTH METHODS SHOULD REVEAL WHICH OBSERVABLES ARE MOST SUITABLE AND HOW RELIABLE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS CAN BE INFERRED. ULTIMATELY ONE METHOD SHOULD BE ABLE TO SERVE AS PROXI FOR THE OTHER METHOD SO THAT WE CAN WE CAN USE THE TWO METHODS INTERCHANGABLY AND CAN QUANTIFY ERRORS. RELIABLE PHYSICAL MODELS OF THE CME SOURCE ALLOW US TO PREDICT THE CME DYNAMICS ABOUT AN HOUR BEFORE THEY ENTER THE CORONAGRAPH FIELD-OF-VIEW. MISSION DATA: THE PLANNED STUDY WILL INCLUDE OVER 1000 FLARE-ASSOCIATED CME EVENTS OF GOES C M AND X-CLASS DURING THE ENTIRE (8 YEAR) MISSION OF THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY (SDO). WE PRIMARILY ANALYZE AIA/SDO LASCO/SOHO AND COR-2/STEREO DATA AND WILL USE CME CATALOGS FROM LASCO/CDAW CACTUS SEEDS CORIMP AND COR-2/STEREO. THIS INVESTIGATION EMPLOYS THEORETICAL MODELS AND DATA ANALYSIS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF NASA'S HELIOPHYSICS SYSTEM OBSERVATORY (HSO). HIGH-LEVEL SCIENCE GOALS FROM HELIOPHYSICS DECADAL SURVEY: (1) DETERMINE THE ORIGINS OF THE SYN'S ACTIVITY AND PREDICT THE VARIATIONS IN THE SPACE ENVIROMENT; (4) DISCOVER AND CHRACTERIZE FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES THAT OCCUR BOTH WITHIN THE HELIOSPHERE AND THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE.
$360,071FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Lockheed Martin Corporation, Gaithersburg