ELEMENTS HEAVIER THAN HELIUM MAKE UP ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE MASS OF THE PRESENT DAY UNIVERSE YET THEY HEAVILY IMPACT HOW GALAXIES AND STARS FORM AND EVOLVE. THE CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE THEREFORE FORMS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ANY COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF GALAXY EVOLUTION AND WITH THE ADVENT OF INCREDIBLY SENSITIVE IR/SUB-MM/RADIO FACILITIES WE ARE POISED TO BEGIN UNRAVELING IT. NONETHELESS SIGNIFICANT DECADES-OLD PROBLEMS PLAGUE EVEN THE MOST DATA-RICH LOCAL METHODS OF MEASURING GAS PHASE METAL ABUNDANCE WITH LARGE (UP TO 10X) DISAGREEMENTS STEMMING PRINCIPALLY FROM UNKNOWN AND UNSEEN TEMPERATURE STRUCTURE IN IONIZED GAS. THE FAR-INFARED FINE STRUCTURE LINES OF OXYGEN OFFER A PATH OUT OF THIS DEADLOCK. OXYGEN IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COOLANT OF IONIZED GAS AND THE DOMINANT METAL ABUNDANCE INDICATOR. ITS GROUND STATE FINE STRUCTURE LINES IN PARTICULAR [OIII] 88 M ARISE FROM SUCH LOW-LYING ENERGY LEVELS THAT THEY ARE INSENSITIVE TO TEMPERATURE. AND UNLIKE THE FAINT "AURORAL" LINES USED BY THE GOLDSTANDARD DIRECT ABUNDANCE METHOD THEY ARE BRIGHT AND READILY OBSERVABLE AT ALL METALLICITIES. INDEED THIS CRUCIAL LINE HAS ALREADY BEEN OBSERVED WITH ALMA IN A NUMBER OF GALAXIES DIRECTLY IN THE ERA OF REIONIZATION AT Z=7-9. HERSCHEL HAS MAPPED AND ARCHIVED MORE THAN 150 NEARBY (D<25MPC) GALAXIES ON SCALES OF 1 KILOPARSEC AND BELOW IN THE IMPORTANT [OIII] 88 M LINE. WE PROPOSE A COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM TO DEVELOP THE FAR-INFRARED FINE STRUCTURE LINES OF OXYGEN INTO DIRECT EMPIRICAL GAS PHASE METAL ABUNDANCE MEASURES. WE WILL VALIDATE DIRECTLY AGAINST THE LARGEST DEEPEST SURVEY OF DIRECT SPECTROSCOPIC OPTICAL METAL ABUNDANCES EVER UNDERTAKEN -- THE LBT/MODS PROGRAM CHAOS. WE WILL LEVERAGE SPATIALLY MATCHED NEBULAR EMISSION LINES ([NEII] [NEIII] [SIII] [SIV]) FROM SPITZER/IRS FOR IONIZATION BALANCE. WE WILL EMPLOY OUR EXTENSIVE OPTICAL IFU DATA (PPAK MUSE AND VENGA) FOR STRONG LINE ABUNDANCE COMPARISONS AND TO BRIDGE THE PHYSICAL SCALES BETWEEN HERSCHEL/SPITZER AND CHAOS. IN ADDITION WE WILL COMBINE AND VALIDATE DECOMPOSED RADIO FREE-FREE CONTINUUM AS AN EXTINCTION-FREE SUBSTITUTE FOR RECOMBINATION EMISSION FOR HYDROGEN NORMALIZATION. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME THIS UNIQUE COMBINATION OF IONIZED GAS TRACERS FROM OPTICAL THROUGH RADIO -- SPANNING A FACTOR OF 200 000 IN WAVELENGTH -- WILL HAVE BEEN BROUGHT TOGETHER ON THE SAME PHYSICAL SCALES IN A LARGE AND WIDELY VARIED SAMPLE OF NEARBY GALAXIES. THE SUITE OF HYBRID ABUNDANCE INDICATORS WE PRODUCE WILL ENABLE EMPIRICAL INTERCOMPARABLE TEMPERATURE-INSENSITIVE EXTINCTION-FREE MEASUREMENTS OF GAS PHASE METAL ABUNDANCE BOTH LOCALLY AND AT HIGH-REDSHIFT EVEN IN DUSTY SYSTEMS LIKE ULIRGS WHERE INFERRING ABUNDANCE HAS TRADITIONALLY BEEN IMPOSSIBLE. THE RESULTS WILL IMPACT IF NOT RESOLVE A DECADES LONG DEBATE ON THE TRUE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE SCALE FOR GALAXIES. AS NATURAL BY-PRODUCTS OF THIS STUDY WE WILL ALSO (1) CONSTRUCT A SYSTEM OF BEST PRACTICES FOR DETERMINING ABUNDANCES OF HIGH REDSHIFT GALAXIES FROM FINE STRUCTURE EMISSION LINES AND RELATED MEASUREMENTS AND (2) PRODUCE AND DELIVER A LARGE LINE ATLAS OF MANY THOUSANDS OF INDEPENDENT SPATIALLY RESOLVED REGIONS WITHIN GALAXIES IN THEIR PRINCIPAL OPTICAL MID- AND FAR-INFRARED EMISSION LINES ENABLING MANY ADDITIONAL STUDIES.