BACKGROUND: THE MIT-HAWAII NEAR EARTH OBJECT SURVEY (MITHNEOS) HAS BEEN SYSTEMATICALLY MEASURING NEO NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA USING SPEX ON THE 3-METER NASA IRTF SINCE 2000. SINCE INCEPTION THIS PROGRAM HAS MEASURED NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA OF OVER 700 NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS. WE HAVE OBSERVED ~3% OF THE KNOWN DELTA-V<7 KM/S POPULATION REPRESENTING ABOUT 270 NEOS 80 OF WHICH HAVE DELTA-V<6 KM/S. THE SURVEY HAS ALSO OBTAINED SPECTRA FOR ~15% OF THE KNOWN PHA POPULATION OR ABOUT 270 OBJECTS. ALL SPECTRAL OBSERVATIONS FROM THIS CAMPAIGN ARE MADE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE FOR THE COMMUNITY SHORTLY AFTER OBSERVATION AT HTTP://SMASS.MIT.EDU. OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS FROM THIS PROGRAM HAVE HAD A LARGE IMPACT ON NEO SCIENCE SUCH AS: 1) ENHANCED UNDERSTANDING OF SPACE WEATHERING AND REFRESHING MECHANISMS (VERNAZZA ET AL. 2009 NATURE. BINZEL ET AL. 2010 NATURE DEMEO ET AL. 2014) 2) METEORITE-NEO LINKS AND NEO-MAIN BELT SOURCE REGION LINKS (VERNAZZA ET AL 2008 NATURE. THOMAS C.A.&BINZEL R. P. 2010) 3) CHARACTERIZATION OF EXTREMELY SMALL AND RAPIDLY ROTATING NEOS (POLISHOOK ET AL. 2012) 4) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNIQUES TO DETERMINE ALBEDO AND SPIN ORIENTATION FROM THERMAL EMISSION PAST 2 MICRONS (RIVKIN ET AL. 2005 MOSKOVITZ ET AL. 2017) AND 5) THE VIS+NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRAL TAXONOMY USED BY THE COMMUNITY TO CLASSIFY ASTEROIDS (DEMEO ET AL. 2009). GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: THE PROGRAMMATIC OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TO SPECTRALLY CHARACTERIZE LOW DELTA-V NEOS AND PHAS. WE WILL MEASUREM 500 NEOS OVER A 5 YEAR PERIOD INCLUDING 150 LOW DELTA-V AND 150 PHA TARGETS. SCIENCE OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROGRAM ARE: 1) COMPOSITIONAL CHARACTERIZATION THROUGH TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION AND MINERALOGIC ANALYSIS 2) ALBEDO ESTIMATES FROM MODELING OF THERMAL EMISSION PAST TWO MICRONS. 3) IDENTIFICATION OF METEORITE ANALOGS 4) CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NEO POPULATION AND SUB-POPULATIONS INCLUDING MISSION ACCESSIBLE (LOW DELTA-VELOCITY TARGETS) POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ASTEROIDS (PHAS) AND DORMANT COMETS. 5) ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGE IN COMPOSITION OF THE NEO POPULATION AS A FUNCTION OF SIZE. 6) EXPLORATION OF C-COMPLEX DATA TO IDENTIFY DIAGNOSTIC SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS AT NEAR-INFRARED WAVELENGTHS. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY: TARGET SELECTION WILL BE BASED ON NEOS OBSERVABLE ON REQUESTED NASA IRTF OBSERVING DATES BY SEARCHING AMONG LOW DELTA-V TARGETS AND PHAS. DATA WILL BE REDUCED USING THE AUTOSPEX PIPELINE THAT HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY USED FOR THIS PROGRAM FOR WELL OVER A DECADE. SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION WILL BE PERFORMED USING THE BUS-DEMEO CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS WILL USE ESTABLISHED TECHNIQUES AND TOOLS WHERE APPROPRIATE SUCH AS PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS THERMAL MODELING OF SPECTRAL EMISSION TAILS MINERALOGICAL MODELING AND SPACE WEATHERING MODELING AND COMPARISON WITH THE RELAB METEORITE DATABASE. RELEVANCE AND APPROPRIATENESS TO SOLAR SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS NEOO: THE PROPOSED WORK IS RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM OBSERVATIONS NEOO PROGRAM BECAUSE AS THE PROGRAM SPECIFIES WE WILL PERFORM NEW GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS OF NEAR EARTH OBJECTS TO CHARACTERIZE THEIR COMPOSITIONS. THIS PROGRAM ALSO SUPPORTS THE NASA HUMAN EXPLORATION AND OPERATIONS MISSION DIRECTORATE IN THAT IT PRIORITIZES OBSERVATIONS OF LOW DELTA VELOCITY ORBITS RELATIVE TO EARTH. BECAUSE THE PROPOSED WORK FOCUSES SOLELY ON THE NEAR EARTH OBJECT POPULATION THE NEOO PROGRAM ELEMENT IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE. THE OBSERVATIONS AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROGRAM CANNOT BE ACHIEVED BY CURRENT SPACECRAFT MISSIONS.
$605,583FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, Cambridge MA