THE BOREAL FOREST HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS ONE OF THE LUNGS OF THE EARTH DUE TO ITS ABILITY TO TAKE UP TREMENDOUS AMOUNTS OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE SEASONALLY DURING THE SUMMER AND RESPIRE CARBON DIOXIDE BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE DURING WINTER. THE IMPRINT OF SEASONAL CARBON UPTAKE BY THE BOREAL FOREST IS SEEN THROUGHOUT THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE. THE BOREAL FOREST LIES IN SUB-ARCTIC AND ARCTIC REGIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN WARMING FASTER THAN GLOBAL AVERAGE WARMING CAUSING CONCERN ABOUT HOW THE REGION'S ABILITY TO DRAW CARBON DIOXIDE OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE IS RESPONDING TO CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. THE BOREAL FOREST IS A DIVERSE SET OF ECOSYSTEMS WITH THE NORTH-AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN BOREAL FORESTS DOMINATED BY NEEDLE-LEAF FOREST WHILE THE THE ASIAN BOREAL FOREST IS DOMINATED BY DECIDUOUS NEEDLE-LEAF FOREST (CALLED LARCH OR TAMARACK). THESE DIFFERENCES IN VEGETATION TYPE AS WELL AS DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION SOIL MOISTURE AND FIRE REGIME MAY GIVE RISE TO DIFFERENT CARBON EXCHANGE DYNAMICS AROUND THE BOREAL FOREST. THEREFORE IT IS CRUCIAL THAT WE STUDY CARBON EXCHANGE DYNAMICS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE ON CLIMATE IN THE CIRCUM-ARCTIC BOREAL FOREST. THE ORBITING CARBON OBSERVATORY-2 (OCO-2) MEASURES COLUMN-AVERAGED DRY-AIR CO2 MIXING RATIO (XCO2) GLOBALLY AS WELL AS PROBING VEGETATION STATE THROUGH SOLAR INDUCED FLUORESCENCE (SIF) OBSERVATIONS. IN THIS PROJECT WE PROPOSE USING OCO-2 OBSERVATIONS TO MEASURE THE SEASONALITY (SEASONAL AMPLITUDE AND TIMING OF DRAWDOWN) OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SPATIALLY AROUND THE BOREAL FOREST. USING MULTI-YEAR DATA WE INVESTIGATE THE INTER-ANNUAL VARIABILITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE SEASONALITY ON SPATIAL REGION (FOREST TYPE) VEGETATION PHOTOSYNTHETIC STATE (SIF) AS WELL AS CLIMATE ANOMALIES (E.G. TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION SOIL MOISTURE ETC.). A CHALLENGE OF USING OCO-2 DATA TO STUDY BOREAL FOREST CARBON EXCHANGE DYNAMICS IS THAT HIGH-LATITUDE RETRIEVAL GEOMETRIES HAVE HIGHER AIRMASS AND THUS PRESENT GREATER MEASUREMENT CHALLENGES WHICH LEADS TO VERY LOW THROUGHPUT OF SUCCESSFUL XCO2 MEASUREMENTS AS COMPARED TO LOWER LATITUDES. ON THE OTHER HAND THE AMPLITUDE OF THE XCO2 SEASONAL CYCLE IS LARGEST (>10 PPM) IN THE BOREAL FOREST REGION AND CONVERGENCE OF POLAR-ORBITING GROUND TRACKS GIVES INCREASED DENSITY OF SOUNDING ATTEMPTS. VALIDATION OF XCO2 IN THE BOREAL FOREST IS ALSO LACKING DUE TO HAVING ONLY A FEW GROUND-BASED COLUMN MEASUREMENT SITES NEAR THE FOREST. TO ADDRESS THIS LACK OF GROUND TRUTH WE HAVE BEEN OBSERVING XCO2 USING MOBILE EM27/SUN SPECTROMETERS WITHIN THE NORTH-AMERICAN BOREAL FOREST AT FAIRBANKS AK FOR OVER A YEAR AND PROPOSE TO CONTINUE THESE OBSERVATIONS. WE INTEND TO STUDY AGREEMENT BETWEEN OUR OBSERVATIONS AND OCO-2 OBSERVATIONS TO IMPROVE CONFIDENCE IN HIGH-LATITUDE RETRIEVALS. WE WILL STUDY QUALITY-ASSURANCE FLAGS TO INCREASE OCO-2 THROUGHPUT IN THE BOREAL FOREST. WE PROPOSE COLLABORATION WITH SCIENTISTS FROM STATIONS NEAR AND WITHIN THE BOREAL FOREST IN THIS VALIDATION / THROUGHPUT INCREASE EFFORT. THE RESULT OF THESE EFFORTS WILL BE IMPROVED DENSITY OF VALIDATED OBSERVATIONS IN THE BOREAL FOREST ENABLING STUDY OF THE KEY SCIENCE QUESTIONS ABOVE WITH GLOBAL OCO-2 DATA. OUR STUDY IS COMPLEMENTARY THE NASA ARCTIC-BOREAL VULNERABILITY EXPERIMENT (ABOVE) WHICH FOCUSES ON THE NORTH-AMERICAN BOREAL FOREST. DETERMINING IF CARBON DYNAMICS ARE DIFFERENT IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BOREAL FOREST IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT FOR EXTRAPOLATION OF ABOVE RESULTS TO THE REST OF THE BOREAL FOREST. OUR OBSERVATIONS ALSO PROVIDE GROUND TRUTH FOR ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CH4 CO AND H2O THAT ARE CRUCIAL FOR IMPROVING GLOBAL ESTIMATES OF CARBON EXCHANGE AND WILL BE VALUABLE FOR PLANNED MISSIONS SUCH AS SENTINEL-5P GOSAT-2 CARBONSAT AND ASCENDS. THE PROJECT WILL ALSO TRAIN A GRADUATE STUDENT AND RESULTS WILL BE PRESENTED TO THE COMMUNITY THROUGH PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS AT INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS.
$223,226FY2020National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASA
University Of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks AK